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<p>This study presents the synthesis and characterization of Mn<sub>1.92</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) via co-precipitation and Mn<sub>1.92</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@carbon nanocomposite (NC) through microwave-assisted assembly. XRD confirmed pure hausmannite phase with crystallite sizes of 21 ± 2 nm (NPs) and 23 ± 9 nm (NC). FTIR verified Mn–O modes and carbon functional groups (C = C, C = O, C–O). SEM analysis showed that the Mn<sub>1.92</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@carbon NC exhibits improved particle dispersion within the carbon matrix compared to the bare NPs. Raman spectroscopy evidenced strong core–shell interfacial coupling via a new mode at 962.5 cm⁻<sup>1</sup>. UV–Vis analysis showed blue-shifted absorption, increased direct bandgap (3.29 → 3.51 eV), unchanged indirect bandgap (3.00 eV), and elevated Urbach energy (0.134 → 0.220 eV) in the NC. Zeta-potential indicated enhanced negative charge (− 14.95 →  − 19.96 mV), improving colloidal stability. Photocatalytic degradation under simulated solar light demonstrated superior NC performance: 99.99% CdCl₂ removal in 100 min (vs. 82% for NPs after 140 min) and 99.99% thiophene degradation in 90 min (vs. 84.7% for NPs), following pseudo-first-order kinetics with markedly higher rate constants. Carbon encapsulation enhanced light absorption, charge separation, and pollutant adsorption, facilitating reactive oxygen species generation. These results establish Mn<sub>1.92</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C as a highly efficient, stable photocatalyst for simultaneous inorganic/organic pollutant remediation in wastewater.</p>

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Microwave-assisted synthesis of Mn1.92O4@carbon nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of thiophene and cadmium chloride under simulated solar irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Bilal Khaled,
  • Abderrhmane Bouafia,
  • Abdelmadjid Guerram,
  • Chaima Salmi,
  • Djamel Barani,
  • Mahmood M. S. Abdullah,
  • Salah Eddine Laouini,
  • Zane Zelca

摘要

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of Mn1.92O4 nanoparticles (NPs) via co-precipitation and Mn1.92O4@carbon nanocomposite (NC) through microwave-assisted assembly. XRD confirmed pure hausmannite phase with crystallite sizes of 21 ± 2 nm (NPs) and 23 ± 9 nm (NC). FTIR verified Mn–O modes and carbon functional groups (C = C, C = O, C–O). SEM analysis showed that the Mn1.92O4@carbon NC exhibits improved particle dispersion within the carbon matrix compared to the bare NPs. Raman spectroscopy evidenced strong core–shell interfacial coupling via a new mode at 962.5 cm⁻1. UV–Vis analysis showed blue-shifted absorption, increased direct bandgap (3.29 → 3.51 eV), unchanged indirect bandgap (3.00 eV), and elevated Urbach energy (0.134 → 0.220 eV) in the NC. Zeta-potential indicated enhanced negative charge (− 14.95 →  − 19.96 mV), improving colloidal stability. Photocatalytic degradation under simulated solar light demonstrated superior NC performance: 99.99% CdCl₂ removal in 100 min (vs. 82% for NPs after 140 min) and 99.99% thiophene degradation in 90 min (vs. 84.7% for NPs), following pseudo-first-order kinetics with markedly higher rate constants. Carbon encapsulation enhanced light absorption, charge separation, and pollutant adsorption, facilitating reactive oxygen species generation. These results establish Mn1.92O4@C as a highly efficient, stable photocatalyst for simultaneous inorganic/organic pollutant remediation in wastewater.