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<p>The ZrO<sub>2</sub> modified SnO<sub>2</sub> nanostructured thick films were successfully fabricated by the screen-printing technique using commercially available AR grade SnO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Different concentrations of ZrO<sub>2</sub> (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt. %) were incorporated into the SnO<sub>2</sub> matrix to investigate their structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and gas-sensing properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of tetragonal SnO<sub>2</sub> and monoclinic ZrO<sub>2</sub> phases with crystallite sizes decreasing from 40.98 to 16.32 nm as the ZrO<sub>2</sub> concentration increased. SEM analysis revealed a porous nanostructured morphology with particle sizes ranging from 61.46 to 42.16 nm, which resulted in an increased specific surface area favorable for gas adsorption. EDX confirmed the presence of Sn, Zr, and O elements, while FTIR spectra showed characteristic Sn–O and Zr–O vibrational bands. UV–Visible analysis indicated strong absorption in the UV region with band gap values ranging from 3.57 to 3.74 eV. Electrical studies revealed semiconducting behavior with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. Gas-sensing measurements demonstrated that the sensors exhibited maximum sensitivity toward ethanol gas at an optimum operating temperature of 80 °C. Among all compositions, the 9 wt.% ZrO<sub>2</sub>–SnO<sub>2</sub> thick film showed the highest sensitivity of 89.18% toward 200 ppm ethanol with fast response and recovery times of approximately 20 and 29 s, respectively. The sensor also exhibited good selectivity, stable response with varying gas concentrations and excellent long-term stability up to 60 days. These results indicate that ZrO<sub>2</sub> modified SnO<sub>2</sub> thick films are promising candidates for efficient low-temperature ethanol gas-sensing applications.</p>

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Enhanced gas-sensing performance of ZrO2-modified SnO2 nanostructures: structural, optical, and electrical investigations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Rohit Madhukar Nikam,
  • Vinayak Vishram Kadam,
  • Umesh Jagannath Tupe,
  • Kailash Haribhau Kapadnis

摘要

The ZrO2 modified SnO2 nanostructured thick films were successfully fabricated by the screen-printing technique using commercially available AR grade SnO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles. Different concentrations of ZrO2 (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt. %) were incorporated into the SnO2 matrix to investigate their structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and gas-sensing properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of tetragonal SnO2 and monoclinic ZrO2 phases with crystallite sizes decreasing from 40.98 to 16.32 nm as the ZrO2 concentration increased. SEM analysis revealed a porous nanostructured morphology with particle sizes ranging from 61.46 to 42.16 nm, which resulted in an increased specific surface area favorable for gas adsorption. EDX confirmed the presence of Sn, Zr, and O elements, while FTIR spectra showed characteristic Sn–O and Zr–O vibrational bands. UV–Visible analysis indicated strong absorption in the UV region with band gap values ranging from 3.57 to 3.74 eV. Electrical studies revealed semiconducting behavior with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. Gas-sensing measurements demonstrated that the sensors exhibited maximum sensitivity toward ethanol gas at an optimum operating temperature of 80 °C. Among all compositions, the 9 wt.% ZrO2–SnO2 thick film showed the highest sensitivity of 89.18% toward 200 ppm ethanol with fast response and recovery times of approximately 20 and 29 s, respectively. The sensor also exhibited good selectivity, stable response with varying gas concentrations and excellent long-term stability up to 60 days. These results indicate that ZrO2 modified SnO2 thick films are promising candidates for efficient low-temperature ethanol gas-sensing applications.