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<p>Ga-doped BiFeO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, Bi<sub>1−x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0), were synthesized using the citrate combustion route to systematically investigate how A-site Ga substitution modifies the structure and magnetism of BiFeO<sub>3</sub> across the full composition range. This work addresses a key gap, as earlier studies were limited to low Ga concentrations (x ≤ 0.25). Rietveld-refined XRD reveals a continuous transformation from rhombohedral R3c to orthorhombic Pna2₁ symmetry with increasing Ga content, accompanied by reduced crystallite size (~ 51 to ~ 16&#xa0;nm) and increased lattice strain. Magnetic measurements show that Ga substitution suppresses the intrinsic cycloidal antiferromagnetic order, with a critical composition at x ≈ 0.5 where enhanced weak ferromagnetism emerges—showing nearly 3–4 times higher magnetization than pristine BiFeO<sub>3</sub> and large coercivity (~ 3.8 kOe). At higher Ga content, the system evolves toward softer, GaFeO<sub>3</sub>-like ferrimagnetic behaviour. These results demonstrate that A-site Ga substitution is an effective strategy for tuning structure–property relationships in BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-based multiferroic nanomaterials, with potential for spintronic and magnetic device applications.</p>

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Ga-driven structural phase evolution and magnetic tunability in Bi1−xGaxFeO3 nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Ritambhra,
  • Mukesh C. Dimri

摘要

Ga-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles, Bi1−xGaxFeO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0), were synthesized using the citrate combustion route to systematically investigate how A-site Ga substitution modifies the structure and magnetism of BiFeO3 across the full composition range. This work addresses a key gap, as earlier studies were limited to low Ga concentrations (x ≤ 0.25). Rietveld-refined XRD reveals a continuous transformation from rhombohedral R3c to orthorhombic Pna2₁ symmetry with increasing Ga content, accompanied by reduced crystallite size (~ 51 to ~ 16 nm) and increased lattice strain. Magnetic measurements show that Ga substitution suppresses the intrinsic cycloidal antiferromagnetic order, with a critical composition at x ≈ 0.5 where enhanced weak ferromagnetism emerges—showing nearly 3–4 times higher magnetization than pristine BiFeO3 and large coercivity (~ 3.8 kOe). At higher Ga content, the system evolves toward softer, GaFeO3-like ferrimagnetic behaviour. These results demonstrate that A-site Ga substitution is an effective strategy for tuning structure–property relationships in BiFeO3-based multiferroic nanomaterials, with potential for spintronic and magnetic device applications.