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<p>Developing Cd-free heterojunction photoelectrodes is crucial for advancing sustainable solar water-splitting technologies. In this work, Cu<sub>2</sub>MnSnS<sub>4</sub> (CMTS) nanosheet arrays (NSAs) were first deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via a solvothermal process, followed by the synthesis of indium sulfide (In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) layers via a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The resulting CMTS NSAs/In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterostructures were systematically characterised to elucidate the influence of the In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> overlayer on structural, morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties. Both XRD and XPS confirmed the successful formation of phase-pure CMTS NSAs with good interfacial compatibility. SEM studies show that the deposition of In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> over CMTS NSAs effectively alters the surface morphology. Optical analyses revealed enhanced visible-light absorption and a slight red shift in the absorption edge compared to bare CMTS NSAs. In addition, the heterojunction exhibits an extended carrier lifetime (2.10&#xa0;ns) relative to CMTS NSAs (1.24&#xa0;ns) and In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (1.83&#xa0;ns), confirming reduced recombination losses. The CMTS NSAs/In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterojunction generated a photocurrent density of ca.&#xa0;3.15&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup> at 0&#xa0;V vs. RHE, which is 63 times higher than the bare CMTS NSAs, with a charge carrier density of 1.9 × 10<sup>19</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−3</sup> and a flat band potential of 0.01&#xa0;V. The synthesized photoelectrode reveals a significant improvement in photocurrent density and charge separation efficiency under visible light irradiation. These results demonstrate that incorporating a Cd-free In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> layer effectively enhances the PEC performance of CMTS-based photoelectrodes, offering a promising strategy for environmentally benign solar water-splitting systems.</p>

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In2S3-modified Cu2MnSnS4 nanosheet arrays as Cd-free heterostructured photocathodes for high-performance water splitting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Adel Chihi

摘要

Developing Cd-free heterojunction photoelectrodes is crucial for advancing sustainable solar water-splitting technologies. In this work, Cu2MnSnS4 (CMTS) nanosheet arrays (NSAs) were first deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via a solvothermal process, followed by the synthesis of indium sulfide (In2S3) layers via a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The resulting CMTS NSAs/In2S3 heterostructures were systematically characterised to elucidate the influence of the In2S3 overlayer on structural, morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties. Both XRD and XPS confirmed the successful formation of phase-pure CMTS NSAs with good interfacial compatibility. SEM studies show that the deposition of In2S3 over CMTS NSAs effectively alters the surface morphology. Optical analyses revealed enhanced visible-light absorption and a slight red shift in the absorption edge compared to bare CMTS NSAs. In addition, the heterojunction exhibits an extended carrier lifetime (2.10 ns) relative to CMTS NSAs (1.24 ns) and In2S3 (1.83 ns), confirming reduced recombination losses. The CMTS NSAs/In2S3 heterojunction generated a photocurrent density of ca. 3.15 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE, which is 63 times higher than the bare CMTS NSAs, with a charge carrier density of 1.9 × 1019 cm−3 and a flat band potential of 0.01 V. The synthesized photoelectrode reveals a significant improvement in photocurrent density and charge separation efficiency under visible light irradiation. These results demonstrate that incorporating a Cd-free In2S3 layer effectively enhances the PEC performance of CMTS-based photoelectrodes, offering a promising strategy for environmentally benign solar water-splitting systems.