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<p>This work systematically investigates the effect of La(Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (LMZ) substitution on the structure, microstructure, dielectric properties, and energy storage performance of (Na<sub>0.4</sub>K<sub>0.1</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> (NKBT) ceramics prepared via the solid-state reaction method. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns confirm the formation of perovskite phase. Rietveld refinement was performed for all the synthesized ceramics. The existence of both R3c and P4bm phases was confirmed in NKBT–(<i>x</i>)LMZ (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.04) and presence of P4bm phase was observed in NKBT–(<i>x</i>)LMZ (<i>x</i> = 0.03 and 0.04). Scanning electron microscopy revealed dense ceramics with uniform grain morphology. The presence of all constituent elements was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), while the presence of oxygen vacancies was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. HRTEM images confirms the presence of PNRs (3 nm to 5 nm). The vacancy concentration decreases up to NKBT–(<i>x</i>)LMZ (<i>x</i> = 0.03) and then increases. The temperature at maximum dielectric constant (<i>T</i><sub>m</sub>) reduces from 335 to 232 °C and Burns temperature (<i>T</i><sub>B</sub>) increases from 432 to 495 °C. The slight reduction in average grain size (AVG) enhances the electrical breakdown strength (<i>E</i><sub>BDS</sub>), as confirmed by Weibull analysis. Heterovalent cations induce polar nano-regions (PNRs), promoting strong relaxor behavior in the ceramics. The NKBT–0.03LMZ composition exhibits the highest recoverable energy density (<i>U</i><sub>rec</sub>) ~ 767 mJ/cm<sup>3</sup> at 80 kV/cm and represents the optimal performance among the studied compositions. These results indicate that NKBT–0.03LMZ ceramics are suitable candidate for dielectric capacitor applications.</p>

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Investigation of energy storage properties of La(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 modified (Na0.4K0.1Bi0.5)TiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • A. Assumptana Sirumalar,
  • G. Anandha Babu

摘要

This work systematically investigates the effect of La(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 (LMZ) substitution on the structure, microstructure, dielectric properties, and energy storage performance of (Na0.4K0.1Bi0.5)TiO3 (NKBT) ceramics prepared via the solid-state reaction method. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns confirm the formation of perovskite phase. Rietveld refinement was performed for all the synthesized ceramics. The existence of both R3c and P4bm phases was confirmed in NKBT–(x)LMZ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) and presence of P4bm phase was observed in NKBT–(x)LMZ (x = 0.03 and 0.04). Scanning electron microscopy revealed dense ceramics with uniform grain morphology. The presence of all constituent elements was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), while the presence of oxygen vacancies was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. HRTEM images confirms the presence of PNRs (3 nm to 5 nm). The vacancy concentration decreases up to NKBT–(x)LMZ (x = 0.03) and then increases. The temperature at maximum dielectric constant (Tm) reduces from 335 to 232 °C and Burns temperature (TB) increases from 432 to 495 °C. The slight reduction in average grain size (AVG) enhances the electrical breakdown strength (EBDS), as confirmed by Weibull analysis. Heterovalent cations induce polar nano-regions (PNRs), promoting strong relaxor behavior in the ceramics. The NKBT–0.03LMZ composition exhibits the highest recoverable energy density (Urec) ~ 767 mJ/cm3 at 80 kV/cm and represents the optimal performance among the studied compositions. These results indicate that NKBT–0.03LMZ ceramics are suitable candidate for dielectric capacitor applications.