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<p>The comparative optical and photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated using TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with average particle sizes of 11.07, 10.14, 8.21&#xa0;nm, and 7.22&#xa0;nm, in order to establish the relationship between particle size, optical properties and overall DSSCs performance. The TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol–gel method, followed by ultrasonic irradiation. Four DSSC architectures were fabricated using the doctor blade technique, with the following configurations: indium tin oxide (ITO)/11.07&#xa0;nm/Al, ITO/10.14&#xa0;nm/Al, ITO/8.21&#xa0;nm/Al, and ITO/7.22&#xa0;nm/Al, respectively. Among all the materials, the 7.22&#xa0;nm based DSSC exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (η), achieving 7.29%, which is significantly higher than that of the 11.07, 10.24 and 8.21&#xa0;nm based DSSCs (η = 4.34%, 5.39%, and 5.85%, respectively). The optical band gap and external quantum efficiency of the 7.22&#xa0;nm TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were determined to be 2.93&#xa0;eV and 76%, respectively. Their superior performance is attributed to greater dye adsorption on the electrode surface, enhanced light harvesting, and a reduced in charge recombination. The novelty of this work lies in evaluating TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles of different sizes under identical experimental conditions, thereby ensuring a fair and controlled comparison. The findings establish a clear, quantitative relationship among particle size, optical absorption, and photovoltaic efficiency in DSSCs.</p>

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Comparative study on the particle size-dependent optical and photovoltaic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • P. B. Rathod,
  • S. A. Waghuley

摘要

The comparative optical and photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated using TiO2 nanoparticles with average particle sizes of 11.07, 10.14, 8.21 nm, and 7.22 nm, in order to establish the relationship between particle size, optical properties and overall DSSCs performance. The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol–gel method, followed by ultrasonic irradiation. Four DSSC architectures were fabricated using the doctor blade technique, with the following configurations: indium tin oxide (ITO)/11.07 nm/Al, ITO/10.14 nm/Al, ITO/8.21 nm/Al, and ITO/7.22 nm/Al, respectively. Among all the materials, the 7.22 nm based DSSC exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (η), achieving 7.29%, which is significantly higher than that of the 11.07, 10.24 and 8.21 nm based DSSCs (η = 4.34%, 5.39%, and 5.85%, respectively). The optical band gap and external quantum efficiency of the 7.22 nm TiO2 nanoparticles were determined to be 2.93 eV and 76%, respectively. Their superior performance is attributed to greater dye adsorption on the electrode surface, enhanced light harvesting, and a reduced in charge recombination. The novelty of this work lies in evaluating TiO2 nanoparticles of different sizes under identical experimental conditions, thereby ensuring a fair and controlled comparison. The findings establish a clear, quantitative relationship among particle size, optical absorption, and photovoltaic efficiency in DSSCs.