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<p>This study focuses on developing cost-effective and eco-friendly counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i> (ZM) leaf biomass as a sustainable alternative to platinum. Carbonaceous materials, designated as ZLP-650 and ZLP-750, were synthesized via a simple carbonization process at 650 and 750&#xa0;°C. The novelty lies in converting abundant agricultural waste into high-performance carbon electrodes through a green, scalable approach, reducing reliance on platinum while supporting sustainable DSSC development. Analytical techniques like FTIR, Raman, TGA, XRD and XPS indicated that higher carbonization temperatures improved the material’s order, purity, and stability. Morphological evaluations, including SEM and BET, confirmed that both samples had a porous architecture critical for effective electrolyte penetration and catalytic function. The ZLP-750-based DSSC attained an elevated JSC of 12.66&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, surpassing the 10.38&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup> observed for ZLP-650. ZLP-750 demonstrated an impressive current density (JSC) of 12.66&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and a commendable Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 6.04 ± 0.02%, which is on par with or surpasses many existing carbon-based counter electrodes. Additionally, the ZLP-750 device showed remarkable operational stability, maintaining a PCE of 5.85% after a week of ageing. This study introduces a simple, eco-friendly, and easy method for producing high-performance, metal-free, and economical counter electrodes from readily available agricultural waste, greatly enhancing the commercial potential and environmental friendliness of DSSC technology.</p>

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Sustainable carbonaceous counter electrodes from Ziziphus mauritiana leaf biomass for dye-sensitized solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Kondaiah Seku,
  • Mohammed Al-Abri,
  • Htet Htet Kyaw,
  • Nadavala Siva Kumar,
  • Krishna Kumar Koyyala,
  • Mariya Salim Saleh Al-Noufali,
  • Myo Tay Zar Myint,
  • Reddi Mohan Naidu Kalla,
  • Mohammad Asif

摘要

This study focuses on developing cost-effective and eco-friendly counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using Ziziphus mauritiana (ZM) leaf biomass as a sustainable alternative to platinum. Carbonaceous materials, designated as ZLP-650 and ZLP-750, were synthesized via a simple carbonization process at 650 and 750 °C. The novelty lies in converting abundant agricultural waste into high-performance carbon electrodes through a green, scalable approach, reducing reliance on platinum while supporting sustainable DSSC development. Analytical techniques like FTIR, Raman, TGA, XRD and XPS indicated that higher carbonization temperatures improved the material’s order, purity, and stability. Morphological evaluations, including SEM and BET, confirmed that both samples had a porous architecture critical for effective electrolyte penetration and catalytic function. The ZLP-750-based DSSC attained an elevated JSC of 12.66 mA/cm2, surpassing the 10.38 mA/cm2 observed for ZLP-650. ZLP-750 demonstrated an impressive current density (JSC) of 12.66 mA/cm2, and a commendable Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 6.04 ± 0.02%, which is on par with or surpasses many existing carbon-based counter electrodes. Additionally, the ZLP-750 device showed remarkable operational stability, maintaining a PCE of 5.85% after a week of ageing. This study introduces a simple, eco-friendly, and easy method for producing high-performance, metal-free, and economical counter electrodes from readily available agricultural waste, greatly enhancing the commercial potential and environmental friendliness of DSSC technology.