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<p>The Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method followed by calcination. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were systematically investigated. The crystallite size was estimated to be around ~ 29&#xa0;nm, while the particle size was found to be approximately 35&#xa0;nm, as determined by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The band gap energy of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was calculated to be about 2.43&#xa0;eV using UV-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). Moreover, the successful formation of the g-C₃N₄-based composite was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which provided information about the valence states and binding energies of the elements. The photocatalytic performance of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation was examined using different dye pollutants. The degradation efficiencies were observed to be approximately 89% for methylene blue (MB) and 79% for Congo red (CR). This enhanced photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the formation of an Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@g-C₃N₄ heterostructure with well-aligned energy levels, which promotes effective separation and migration of photo-induced charge carriers. Consequently, the recombination of electrons and holes is minimized, resulting in improved degradation efficiency of the dyes.</p>

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Sunlight driven photodegradation of industrial dyes utilizing Fe2O3@g-C3N4 photocatalyst synthesized by facile co-precipitation method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Nagesh Sarojini Devi,
  • Sethuramachandran Thanikaikarasan,
  • Leena Baskar,
  • Rekha Pachaiappan,
  • Kovendhan Manavalan,
  • Perumal Veeramalai Chandrasekar

摘要

The Fe2O3@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method followed by calcination. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were systematically investigated. The crystallite size was estimated to be around ~ 29 nm, while the particle size was found to be approximately 35 nm, as determined by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The band gap energy of the Fe2O3@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was calculated to be about 2.43 eV using UV-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). Moreover, the successful formation of the g-C₃N₄-based composite was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which provided information about the valence states and binding energies of the elements. The photocatalytic performance of the Fe2O3@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation was examined using different dye pollutants. The degradation efficiencies were observed to be approximately 89% for methylene blue (MB) and 79% for Congo red (CR). This enhanced photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the formation of an Fe2O3@g-C₃N₄ heterostructure with well-aligned energy levels, which promotes effective separation and migration of photo-induced charge carriers. Consequently, the recombination of electrons and holes is minimized, resulting in improved degradation efficiency of the dyes.