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<p>By depositing polypyrrole (PPy) onto methylcellulose (MC) and carbon (C) nanoparticles using cyclic voltammetry electrochemical polymerization, a flexible supercapacitor electrode was created. The 4-probe technique boosted electrical conductivity by four orders of magnitude with C content. MCC-6, a nanocomposite with a C/MC ratio of 6/94, was chosen for the supercapacitor electrode substrate due to its high electrical conductivity. Electrochemical investigations showed that TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles improved electrode performance. MCC-6/PPy and MCC-6/PPy-TiO<sub>2</sub> achieved areal capacitance values of 189.22 and 455.36 mF cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively, at 5&#xa0;mV/s using cyclic voltammetry. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments showed that MCC-6/PPy-TiO<sub>2</sub> had higher areal capacitance values than MCC-6/PPy at various current densities. At a current density of 4&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>, MCC-6/PPy and MCC-6/PPy-TiO<sub>2</sub> attained maximum areal capacitance values of 188.91 and 757.15 mF cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Power-law analysis and Dunn’s approach demonstrated that the MCC-6/PPy-TiO₂ electrode displays a mixed charge storage mechanism with a markedly greater capacitive contribution than MCC-6/PPy, signifying enhanced surface-controlled electrochemical processes. The MCC-6/PPy-TiO<sub>2</sub> electrode exhibited superior Coulombic efficiency (92.4–93.5%) and enhanced cycling stability. The improved electrochemical performance results from the synergistic interaction between the conductive PPy matrix and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, which augments the electroactive surface area and promote efficient charge transfer and ion transport. The results suggest that the MCC-6/PPy-TiO₂ nanocomposite is a viable choice for flexible energy storage applications.</p>

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Enhancement of flexible methylcellulose-carbon/polypyrrole nanocomposite supercapacitor electrode performance with the inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Shehab A. Mansour,
  • Mohamed A. Elfeshawy,
  • Ragab A. Elsad

摘要

By depositing polypyrrole (PPy) onto methylcellulose (MC) and carbon (C) nanoparticles using cyclic voltammetry electrochemical polymerization, a flexible supercapacitor electrode was created. The 4-probe technique boosted electrical conductivity by four orders of magnitude with C content. MCC-6, a nanocomposite with a C/MC ratio of 6/94, was chosen for the supercapacitor electrode substrate due to its high electrical conductivity. Electrochemical investigations showed that TiO2 nanoparticles improved electrode performance. MCC-6/PPy and MCC-6/PPy-TiO2 achieved areal capacitance values of 189.22 and 455.36 mF cm−2, respectively, at 5 mV/s using cyclic voltammetry. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments showed that MCC-6/PPy-TiO2 had higher areal capacitance values than MCC-6/PPy at various current densities. At a current density of 4 mA cm−2, MCC-6/PPy and MCC-6/PPy-TiO2 attained maximum areal capacitance values of 188.91 and 757.15 mF cm−2, respectively. Power-law analysis and Dunn’s approach demonstrated that the MCC-6/PPy-TiO₂ electrode displays a mixed charge storage mechanism with a markedly greater capacitive contribution than MCC-6/PPy, signifying enhanced surface-controlled electrochemical processes. The MCC-6/PPy-TiO2 electrode exhibited superior Coulombic efficiency (92.4–93.5%) and enhanced cycling stability. The improved electrochemical performance results from the synergistic interaction between the conductive PPy matrix and TiO2 nanoparticles, which augments the electroactive surface area and promote efficient charge transfer and ion transport. The results suggest that the MCC-6/PPy-TiO₂ nanocomposite is a viable choice for flexible energy storage applications.