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<p>As electromagnetic environmental issues become increasingly prominent, particularly in scenarios where multiple frequency bands coexist—such as 5G/satellite communications, radar, and Wi-Fi—there is a growing need for efficient, thin, and lightweight electromagnetic wave absorption materials across wide bandwidths (e.g., 2–18&#xa0;GHz) to mitigate electromagnetic interference and leakage risks. Polyurethane (PU) and graphene (GR) have emerged as focal points in broadband absorber research due to their lightweight properties, processability, and tunable dielectric characteristics. This paper systematically reviews the limitations of traditional absorption materials, focusing on recent advances in PU/GR composite absorption materials regarding composition, fabrication techniques, and absorption mechanisms. It analyzes key mechanisms affecting broadband absorption—including dielectric loss, impedance matching, and multiple scattering—through specific case studies. The paper identifies key shortcomings in current research—such as impedance mismatch caused by GR agglomeration, the trade-off between thin-film thickness and broadband performance, environmental stability, and standardization of fabrication processes—while proposing feasible optimization strategies and future research directions. This aims to provide researchers in the field with clear, actionable design and fabrication recommendations.</p>

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Research progress on broadband electromagnetic wave absorption properties of polyurethane/graphene composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Jiayin Li,
  • Bo Wang,
  • Wen Wen,
  • Chenyu Wu,
  • Zelong Zhou,
  • Jiaqi Wei,
  • Nana Zhang,
  • Jiafei Wang,
  • Haibo Zhang,
  • Jiadong Zang,
  • Hua Tan

摘要

As electromagnetic environmental issues become increasingly prominent, particularly in scenarios where multiple frequency bands coexist—such as 5G/satellite communications, radar, and Wi-Fi—there is a growing need for efficient, thin, and lightweight electromagnetic wave absorption materials across wide bandwidths (e.g., 2–18 GHz) to mitigate electromagnetic interference and leakage risks. Polyurethane (PU) and graphene (GR) have emerged as focal points in broadband absorber research due to their lightweight properties, processability, and tunable dielectric characteristics. This paper systematically reviews the limitations of traditional absorption materials, focusing on recent advances in PU/GR composite absorption materials regarding composition, fabrication techniques, and absorption mechanisms. It analyzes key mechanisms affecting broadband absorption—including dielectric loss, impedance matching, and multiple scattering—through specific case studies. The paper identifies key shortcomings in current research—such as impedance mismatch caused by GR agglomeration, the trade-off between thin-film thickness and broadband performance, environmental stability, and standardization of fabrication processes—while proposing feasible optimization strategies and future research directions. This aims to provide researchers in the field with clear, actionable design and fabrication recommendations.