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<p>A new BNKT-based lead-free relaxor ceramics (1 − <i>x</i>)Bi<sub>0.5</sub>(Na<sub>0.74</sub>K<sub>0.26</sub>)<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>–<i>x</i>Bi(Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BNKT − <i>x</i>BMZ, 0.00 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.10) has been developed with promising energy storage performance. The dielectric analysis reveals that the material has relaxor behavior and undergoes a diffuse phase transition at higher temperatures. A notable recoverable energy storage density (<i>W</i><sub>rec</sub>) of 0.907&#xa0;J/cm<sup>3</sup> and normalized energy storage density (<i>W</i><sub>stor</sub>/<i>E</i><sub>max</sub>.) of 17.64&#xa0;mJ/(KVcm<sup>2</sup>) with an efficiency of 60% are attained at an electric field of 85&#xa0;kV/cm for the <i>x</i> = 0.04 composition. The incorporation of BMZ into the BNKT matrix led to the formation of nanopolar domains, which facilitate the high maximum polarization, with pinched, slim hysteresis loops along with reduced remnant polarization. A perovskite cubic crystal structure is obtained for all the compositions as revealed from XRD analysis. The unit cell volume and grain size increase with increasing BMZ contents. Incorporation of BMZ in BNKT increases the bandgap slightly from 3.40 to 3.53&#xa0;eV, resulting in an admirable improvement of the breakdown strength to 85&#xa0;kV/cm. This research presents an in-depth analysis of the energy-storing behaviour of BMZ-modified BNT-based materials. The developed (1 − <i>x</i>)BNKT–<i>x</i>BMZ system could be a potential material for advanced ceramic capacitors in pulse power energy storage applications.</p>

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Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3-modified Bi0.5(Na0.74K0.26)0.5TiO3 with improved dielectric and energy storage performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Ram Prasad Aryal,
  • Prosun Mondal,
  • Binod Kumar Bhattarai,
  • Akhilesh Kumar Singh

摘要

A new BNKT-based lead-free relaxor ceramics (1 − x)Bi0.5(Na0.74K0.26)0.5TiO3–xBi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 (BNKT − xBMZ, 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) has been developed with promising energy storage performance. The dielectric analysis reveals that the material has relaxor behavior and undergoes a diffuse phase transition at higher temperatures. A notable recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 0.907 J/cm3 and normalized energy storage density (Wstor/Emax.) of 17.64 mJ/(KVcm2) with an efficiency of 60% are attained at an electric field of 85 kV/cm for the x = 0.04 composition. The incorporation of BMZ into the BNKT matrix led to the formation of nanopolar domains, which facilitate the high maximum polarization, with pinched, slim hysteresis loops along with reduced remnant polarization. A perovskite cubic crystal structure is obtained for all the compositions as revealed from XRD analysis. The unit cell volume and grain size increase with increasing BMZ contents. Incorporation of BMZ in BNKT increases the bandgap slightly from 3.40 to 3.53 eV, resulting in an admirable improvement of the breakdown strength to 85 kV/cm. This research presents an in-depth analysis of the energy-storing behaviour of BMZ-modified BNT-based materials. The developed (1 − x)BNKT–xBMZ system could be a potential material for advanced ceramic capacitors in pulse power energy storage applications.