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<p>A novel binary ZnSe/NiWO<sub>4</sub> (ZS/NWO) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated via in-situ modification of ZnSe with NiWO<sub>4</sub>, resulting in a well-defined heterogeneous structure through a one-pot hydrothermal strategy, following a heterogeneous nucleation process. Morphological analysis revealed that pure ZnSe exhibited agglomerated particles, while pure NiWO<sub>4</sub> showed a compact block-like structure. In comparison to this, the fabricated composite showed an aggregated assembly of particles, without any clear distinction between the individual components, indicating strong interfacial integration between the two components. The incorporation of NiWO<sub>4</sub> into ZnSe was found to significantly enhance the visible-light absorption characteristics, as evidenced by the reduction in bandgap energy from 2.61 eV for pristine ZnSe to 2.48 eV for the ZS/NWO nanocomposite. Photoluminescence studies further demonstrated the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby mitigating recombination losses and augmenting the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic potential of the synthesized heterostructure was investigated through the sunlight-assisted degradation of Acid Red 94 dye, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 84% for a 30 mg/L solution within 90 minutes under optimized conditions at neutral pH, while on the other hand, pH study indicated an increased degradation efficiency at acidic pH. Kinetic investigations aligned with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, exhibiting a rate constant of 0.02048 min<sup>−1</sup>, while mechanistic insights were elucidated through the identification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and degradation intermediates using HR-LCMS, VB-XPS, and radical scavenging tests. Based on band alignment, a direct Z-scheme heterojunction mechanism is proposed, wherein photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of NiWO<sub>4</sub> recombine with holes in the valence band of ZnSe, resulting in the accumulation of electrons in ZnSe, while holes remains in the valence band of NiWO<sub>4</sub>, thereby enhancing charge separation and photocatalytic efficiency. Collectively, this research highlights the potential of ZS/NWO heterostructures as highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for environmental remediation in the days to come.</p>

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Exploring the photocatalytic potential of novel binary ZnSe/NiWO4 heterostructure towards acid red 94 degradation: unveiling the kinetics and mechanistic perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月26日

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  • Ruhit Kumar Paul,
  • Saptarshi Roy,
  • Akbar Hussain,
  • Mohammed Ahmaruzzaman

摘要

A novel binary ZnSe/NiWO4 (ZS/NWO) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated via in-situ modification of ZnSe with NiWO4, resulting in a well-defined heterogeneous structure through a one-pot hydrothermal strategy, following a heterogeneous nucleation process. Morphological analysis revealed that pure ZnSe exhibited agglomerated particles, while pure NiWO4 showed a compact block-like structure. In comparison to this, the fabricated composite showed an aggregated assembly of particles, without any clear distinction between the individual components, indicating strong interfacial integration between the two components. The incorporation of NiWO4 into ZnSe was found to significantly enhance the visible-light absorption characteristics, as evidenced by the reduction in bandgap energy from 2.61 eV for pristine ZnSe to 2.48 eV for the ZS/NWO nanocomposite. Photoluminescence studies further demonstrated the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby mitigating recombination losses and augmenting the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic potential of the synthesized heterostructure was investigated through the sunlight-assisted degradation of Acid Red 94 dye, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 84% for a 30 mg/L solution within 90 minutes under optimized conditions at neutral pH, while on the other hand, pH study indicated an increased degradation efficiency at acidic pH. Kinetic investigations aligned with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, exhibiting a rate constant of 0.02048 min−1, while mechanistic insights were elucidated through the identification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and degradation intermediates using HR-LCMS, VB-XPS, and radical scavenging tests. Based on band alignment, a direct Z-scheme heterojunction mechanism is proposed, wherein photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of NiWO4 recombine with holes in the valence band of ZnSe, resulting in the accumulation of electrons in ZnSe, while holes remains in the valence band of NiWO4, thereby enhancing charge separation and photocatalytic efficiency. Collectively, this research highlights the potential of ZS/NWO heterostructures as highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for environmental remediation in the days to come.