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<p>In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), carbon-based nanocomposites and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are appealing alternatives to expensive platinum (Pt) counter electrodes (CEs) because of their high electrochemical activity, large surface area, and excellent stability. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported transition metal sulfide nanocomposites, namely MoS₂@rGO, CoS₂@rGO, and NiS₂@rGO, were synthesized through a sol–gel-assisted hydrothermal method and investigated as counter electrodes for DSSCs as well as photocatalysts for Cr(VI) reduction. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline cubic NiS₂ nanoparticles uniformly anchored on the reduced graphene oxide framework, forming a porous conductive network with a high surface area of 168.8 m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> and an average pore diameter of 7.6&#xa0;nm. The NiS₂@rGO electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the I₃⁻/I⁻ redox couple, delivering a low charge-transfer resistance of 0.18 Ω and enhanced charge transport behavior. When employed as a counter electrode in DSSCs, the device achieved a superior photovoltaic performance with <i>Voc</i> = 0.885 ± 0.03&#xa0;V, <i>Jsc</i> = 16.5 ± 0.01&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>2</sup>, <i>FF</i> = 0.68 ± 0.02, and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.2 ± 0.03%, surpassing MoS₂@rGO (2.8 ± 0.05%), CoS₂@rGO (5.6 ± 0.04%), and even the conventional Pt electrode (6.7 ± 0.01%). In addition, the hybrid composite demonstrated remarkable environmental remediation capability, achieving 97.8% Cr(VI) reduction within 30&#xa0;min with a high reaction rate constant of 0.01487&#xa0;min⁻<sup>1</sup> under visible-light irradiation. The device also showed excellent operational durability, retaining nearly 95% of its initial efficiency after 1000&#xa0;h of continuous illumination. These findings highlight the NiS₂@rGO hybrid architecture as a cost-effective and high-performance alternative to noble-metal electrodes, offering promising potential for next-generation photovoltaic devices and photocatalytic environmental remediation technologies.</p>

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Electrocatalytic activity of NiS2@rGO for efficient and cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • J. Dineshkumar,
  • Padma Rapur,
  • S. Varalakshmi,
  • V. Samuthira Pandi,
  • R. Sakthivel,
  • A. Geetha

摘要

In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), carbon-based nanocomposites and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are appealing alternatives to expensive platinum (Pt) counter electrodes (CEs) because of their high electrochemical activity, large surface area, and excellent stability. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported transition metal sulfide nanocomposites, namely MoS₂@rGO, CoS₂@rGO, and NiS₂@rGO, were synthesized through a sol–gel-assisted hydrothermal method and investigated as counter electrodes for DSSCs as well as photocatalysts for Cr(VI) reduction. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline cubic NiS₂ nanoparticles uniformly anchored on the reduced graphene oxide framework, forming a porous conductive network with a high surface area of 168.8 m2 g⁻1 and an average pore diameter of 7.6 nm. The NiS₂@rGO electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the I₃⁻/I⁻ redox couple, delivering a low charge-transfer resistance of 0.18 Ω and enhanced charge transport behavior. When employed as a counter electrode in DSSCs, the device achieved a superior photovoltaic performance with Voc = 0.885 ± 0.03 V, Jsc = 16.5 ± 0.01 mA cm⁻2, FF = 0.68 ± 0.02, and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.2 ± 0.03%, surpassing MoS₂@rGO (2.8 ± 0.05%), CoS₂@rGO (5.6 ± 0.04%), and even the conventional Pt electrode (6.7 ± 0.01%). In addition, the hybrid composite demonstrated remarkable environmental remediation capability, achieving 97.8% Cr(VI) reduction within 30 min with a high reaction rate constant of 0.01487 min⁻1 under visible-light irradiation. The device also showed excellent operational durability, retaining nearly 95% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination. These findings highlight the NiS₂@rGO hybrid architecture as a cost-effective and high-performance alternative to noble-metal electrodes, offering promising potential for next-generation photovoltaic devices and photocatalytic environmental remediation technologies.