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<p>The recent advancements in biosensor technology have significantly transformed traditional monitoring and diagnostic systems. In this context, polyaniline (PANI) and vanadium pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) nanocomposites were synthesized and investigated for their gas-sensing performance toward ammonia, ethanol, methanol, propanol, acetone, and chloroform at room temperature. The structural, morphological, and compositional characterizations of the composites confirmed successful integration of both constituents and preservation of their individual characteristics. The gas-sensing response of the composites showed a sharp increase, with the highest response observed for 50 wt% V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> loading, exhibiting 90% sensitivity toward 50&#xa0;ppm ammonia, significantly outperforming pristine PANI (1.2%) and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (9%)-based sensors. The sensor exhibited comparatively lower responses to other analytes, ethanol (33%), methanol (18%), acetone (11%), propanol (10%), and chloroform (7%), confirming the selectivity toward ammonia. The composite-based sensors exhibited outstanding ammonia-sensing performance with the PANI/50 wt% V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> heterojunction showing the highest sensitivity (1.7342% ppm⁻<sup>1</sup>), nearly 57 times higher than that of pure PANI and 10 times higher than that of pure V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. This enhanced performance arises from synergistic <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> heterojunction effects, efficient charge carrier modulation, and dual-site adsorption, yielding excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) of 0.9956 and high selectivity toward ammonia over other tested gases. The enhanced performance is attributed to the formation of an efficient <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> heterojunction at the PANI/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> interface, dual-site adsorption, and improved charge carrier modulation. The sensors also demonstrated good repeatability, operational stability, and reasonable response/recovery (257&#xa0;s/37&#xa0;s) times over multiple cycles. These findings suggest that PANI/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> nanocomposites are promising candidates for room-temperature gas sensing with applicability in environmental and biomedical diagnostics for the detection of toxic and hazardous gases and volatile organic compounds.</p>

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Self-doped polyaniline/V2O5 nanocomposites for room temperature gas sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Wadah Hmood Ahmed Mohsen,
  • Akhlaq Hussain,
  • Khan Malook,
  • Mutabar Shah,
  • Imtiaz Ahmad,
  • Syed Ali Turab,
  • Ashfaq Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Nisar,
  • Saba Siddiq

摘要

The recent advancements in biosensor technology have significantly transformed traditional monitoring and diagnostic systems. In this context, polyaniline (PANI) and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanocomposites were synthesized and investigated for their gas-sensing performance toward ammonia, ethanol, methanol, propanol, acetone, and chloroform at room temperature. The structural, morphological, and compositional characterizations of the composites confirmed successful integration of both constituents and preservation of their individual characteristics. The gas-sensing response of the composites showed a sharp increase, with the highest response observed for 50 wt% V2O5 loading, exhibiting 90% sensitivity toward 50 ppm ammonia, significantly outperforming pristine PANI (1.2%) and V2O5 (9%)-based sensors. The sensor exhibited comparatively lower responses to other analytes, ethanol (33%), methanol (18%), acetone (11%), propanol (10%), and chloroform (7%), confirming the selectivity toward ammonia. The composite-based sensors exhibited outstanding ammonia-sensing performance with the PANI/50 wt% V2O5 heterojunction showing the highest sensitivity (1.7342% ppm⁻1), nearly 57 times higher than that of pure PANI and 10 times higher than that of pure V2O5. This enhanced performance arises from synergistic p-n heterojunction effects, efficient charge carrier modulation, and dual-site adsorption, yielding excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9956 and high selectivity toward ammonia over other tested gases. The enhanced performance is attributed to the formation of an efficient p-n heterojunction at the PANI/V2O5 interface, dual-site adsorption, and improved charge carrier modulation. The sensors also demonstrated good repeatability, operational stability, and reasonable response/recovery (257 s/37 s) times over multiple cycles. These findings suggest that PANI/V2O5 nanocomposites are promising candidates for room-temperature gas sensing with applicability in environmental and biomedical diagnostics for the detection of toxic and hazardous gases and volatile organic compounds.