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<p>The optimization of rear aluminum (Al) in silicon (Si) solar cells remains crucial for enhancing photovoltaic performance. This study investigates the effects of laser firing of cured Al paste on the micro-structural, optical and electrical properties in Si solar cells. So, the experiment uses a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with laser powers of 3.3, 15.2, 32.5, and 44.8 W. Electrical characterization shows a significant rise in series resistance (<i>R</i><sub>S</sub>) with laser power from 0.346 (untreated) to 0.846 Ω (3.3 W) and 1.052 Ω (15.2 W). The diffusion length also varies, measuring 71.69 (3.3 W) and 68.90&#xa0;µm (15.2 W), differing from the untreated baseline. Solar cell efficiency declines progressively with increasing laser power: 8.80 (untreated) to 8.52% (3.3 W), 6.90% (15.2 W), 4.62% (32.5 W), and a sharp drop to 1.38% (44.8 W). The EQE analysis reveals that laser firing of cured Al paste cells maintains 90–95% efficiency across 450–900&#xa0;nm, while untreated cells achieve this only within 500–700&#xa0;nm. These results indicate that while laser firing of cured Al paste improves spectral response, higher power degrades electrical performance, highlighting a trade-off between optical and electrical optimization in Si solar cells.</p>

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Laser-fired effects on the micro-structural, optical, and electrical properties of cured aluminum (Al) paste for silicon solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Siti Nor Fazlina Abdul Hamid,
  • Zon Fazlila Mohd Ahir,
  • Muhammad Rabie Omar,
  • Ahmad Rujhan Mohd Rais,
  • Kamaruzzaman Sopian

摘要

The optimization of rear aluminum (Al) in silicon (Si) solar cells remains crucial for enhancing photovoltaic performance. This study investigates the effects of laser firing of cured Al paste on the micro-structural, optical and electrical properties in Si solar cells. So, the experiment uses a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with laser powers of 3.3, 15.2, 32.5, and 44.8 W. Electrical characterization shows a significant rise in series resistance (RS) with laser power from 0.346 (untreated) to 0.846 Ω (3.3 W) and 1.052 Ω (15.2 W). The diffusion length also varies, measuring 71.69 (3.3 W) and 68.90 µm (15.2 W), differing from the untreated baseline. Solar cell efficiency declines progressively with increasing laser power: 8.80 (untreated) to 8.52% (3.3 W), 6.90% (15.2 W), 4.62% (32.5 W), and a sharp drop to 1.38% (44.8 W). The EQE analysis reveals that laser firing of cured Al paste cells maintains 90–95% efficiency across 450–900 nm, while untreated cells achieve this only within 500–700 nm. These results indicate that while laser firing of cured Al paste improves spectral response, higher power degrades electrical performance, highlighting a trade-off between optical and electrical optimization in Si solar cells.