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<p>MgFe<sub>1.9</sub>X<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (X = Bi, Cu, Nd, Ni) spinel ferrites have been prepared by a combustion process and their structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics have been studied in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement established the single-phase cubic spinel structure (Fd-3&#xa0;m) with the lattice parameters within the range of 8.3843–8.4051 Å, and the FTIR analysis confirmed the occurrence of typical Fe–O and M–O vibrational modes which determined the formation of spinel ferrites. The existence of a tunable band gap between 1.74 and 1.85&#xa0;eV was observed through optical analysis, and the optical conductivity at the visible and near-infrared spectrum was increased by defect states introduced by the dopant and charge carrier generation. The visible emission in photoluminescence (PL) spectra were found to have an intensity and wavelength change based on the dopant, and enabled by CIE chromaticity analysis, showed tunable emission properties. Magnetic measurements have shown that the incorporation of dopants has a significant effect on the magnetic behavior, where the saturation magnetization is up to 0.338 emu g<sup>−1</sup> and the coercivity is between 127 and 155 Oe. The observed changes can be explained by the cation redistribution and altered super exchange interactions. The findings in general indicate that using controlled incorporation of dopants allows optical and magnetic characteristics to be tuned in tandem, and thus the capacity of MgFe<sub>1.9</sub>X<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ferrites to possess multiple functionalities. The materials have the potential to be used in optoelectronic, sensing, and spintronic systems.</p>

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Nano-scale MgFe1.9X0.1O4 (X = Bi, Cu, Nd, Ni) spinel ferrites: structural, optical, and magnetic properties for photonic and spintronic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • K. B. Bhaskar,
  • R. Sangeetha,
  • Tejaswi Ashok Hegde,
  • D. Karunanithy,
  • T. U. Jeevitha,
  • Michael Ruby Raj

摘要

MgFe1.9X0.1O4 (X = Bi, Cu, Nd, Ni) spinel ferrites have been prepared by a combustion process and their structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics have been studied in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement established the single-phase cubic spinel structure (Fd-3 m) with the lattice parameters within the range of 8.3843–8.4051 Å, and the FTIR analysis confirmed the occurrence of typical Fe–O and M–O vibrational modes which determined the formation of spinel ferrites. The existence of a tunable band gap between 1.74 and 1.85 eV was observed through optical analysis, and the optical conductivity at the visible and near-infrared spectrum was increased by defect states introduced by the dopant and charge carrier generation. The visible emission in photoluminescence (PL) spectra were found to have an intensity and wavelength change based on the dopant, and enabled by CIE chromaticity analysis, showed tunable emission properties. Magnetic measurements have shown that the incorporation of dopants has a significant effect on the magnetic behavior, where the saturation magnetization is up to 0.338 emu g−1 and the coercivity is between 127 and 155 Oe. The observed changes can be explained by the cation redistribution and altered super exchange interactions. The findings in general indicate that using controlled incorporation of dopants allows optical and magnetic characteristics to be tuned in tandem, and thus the capacity of MgFe1.9X0.1O4 ferrites to possess multiple functionalities. The materials have the potential to be used in optoelectronic, sensing, and spintronic systems.