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<p>This study presents a wet-chemical synthesis method based on a low-temperature solution approach to fabricate pristine CuO and Co-doped CuO films at varying concentrations (2%, 4%, and 6%) for sensing ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The formation of the monoclinic phase in pristine CuO and all Co-doped CuO samples was studied using XRD. Cobalt doping in CuO promotes the formation of nanorods, and a distinct morphological shift from isotropic to anisotropic structures is observed with increasing dopant concentration, as evident from FESEM analysis. The characteristic bonding vibrations and functional groups in pristine CuO and Co-doped CuO powders were identified from distinct A<sub>g</sub>, B<sub>1g</sub>, and B<sub>2g</sub> vibrational modes in Raman spectroscopy and FTIR transmittance spectra, respectively, while photoluminescence (PL) analysis exhibited a main emission peak at 473&#xa0;nm, attributed to lattice defects associated with electronic transitions. Notably, the 2% Co-doped CuO sensor exhibited the highest response of ~222 against 100&#xa0;ppm of NH<sub>3</sub> gas, significantly surpassing the gas response of ~146 by the pristine CuO sensor. This enhancement could be explained from the presence of oxygen vacancies and improved surface area observed from XPS and BET analysis, highlighting a positive correlation between cobalt doping in CuO and NH<sub>3</sub> sensing performance. The study highlights the role of cobalt in enhancing defect chemistry and surface reactivity, thereby offering a cost-effective approach to optimizing Co-doped CuO nano-powders for the development of advanced ammonia gas sensors.</p>

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Cobalt-doped CuO nanorods: an efficient sensing material for detecting ammonia at ambient conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Lokeshwar Hembram,
  • Eashwaren Vishnu Namboothiri,
  • Lakkimsetti Lakshmi Praveen,
  • Nanda Shakti,
  • Saumen Mandal

摘要

This study presents a wet-chemical synthesis method based on a low-temperature solution approach to fabricate pristine CuO and Co-doped CuO films at varying concentrations (2%, 4%, and 6%) for sensing ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The formation of the monoclinic phase in pristine CuO and all Co-doped CuO samples was studied using XRD. Cobalt doping in CuO promotes the formation of nanorods, and a distinct morphological shift from isotropic to anisotropic structures is observed with increasing dopant concentration, as evident from FESEM analysis. The characteristic bonding vibrations and functional groups in pristine CuO and Co-doped CuO powders were identified from distinct Ag, B1g, and B2g vibrational modes in Raman spectroscopy and FTIR transmittance spectra, respectively, while photoluminescence (PL) analysis exhibited a main emission peak at 473 nm, attributed to lattice defects associated with electronic transitions. Notably, the 2% Co-doped CuO sensor exhibited the highest response of ~222 against 100 ppm of NH3 gas, significantly surpassing the gas response of ~146 by the pristine CuO sensor. This enhancement could be explained from the presence of oxygen vacancies and improved surface area observed from XPS and BET analysis, highlighting a positive correlation between cobalt doping in CuO and NH3 sensing performance. The study highlights the role of cobalt in enhancing defect chemistry and surface reactivity, thereby offering a cost-effective approach to optimizing Co-doped CuO nano-powders for the development of advanced ammonia gas sensors.