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<p>Efficient and stable photocatalysts are essential for hydrogen production through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. This study investigates the structural, optical, and electrocatalytic properties of zeolite-based photocatalysts doped with NiO, ZnO, and SnO<sub>2</sub>. Comprehensive characterization using SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and XRD, confirmed the successful incorporation of metal oxides into the zeolite framework. Among the tested materials, Zeo./NiO exhibited a reduced bandgap (2.48 eV), improved surface morphology, and enhanced light absorption, making it the most promising candidate. XRD analysis revealed characteristic reflections of NiO, ZnO, and SnO<sub>2</sub>, indicating well-ordered crystalline structures with minimal microstrain. Hydrogen evolution performance was evaluated under simulated solar illumination. Zeo./NiO demonstrated superior photocurrent density (‒&#xa0;4.121 mA/g at ‒&#xa0;0.2714 V vs. RHE), outperforming ZnO- and SnO<sub>2</sub>-based photocatalysts. Stability tests confirmed minimal performance degradation over multiple cycles and extended operation. Incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) peaked at 10.99% at 405 nm, while applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) reached 0.12% at 390 nm, indicating efficient charge separation and transport. The hydrogen evolution rate was highest for Zeo./NiO (7.6 mmol/h), with a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 108.13%. These findings highlight Zeo./NiO’s potential as a high-performance photocatalyst for visible-light-driven hydrogen generation. The study provides critical insights into structure-performance relationships, contributing to developing advanced materials for renewable energy applications.</p>

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Structural and optical properties of zeolite-based NiO, ZnO, and SnO2 photocatalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月12日

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  • Mohamed Shaban,
  • Ghadah M. Al-Senani,
  • Salhah D. Al-Qahtani,
  • Rana Saad,
  • Khaled Abdelkarem

摘要

Efficient and stable photocatalysts are essential for hydrogen production through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. This study investigates the structural, optical, and electrocatalytic properties of zeolite-based photocatalysts doped with NiO, ZnO, and SnO2. Comprehensive characterization using SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and XRD, confirmed the successful incorporation of metal oxides into the zeolite framework. Among the tested materials, Zeo./NiO exhibited a reduced bandgap (2.48 eV), improved surface morphology, and enhanced light absorption, making it the most promising candidate. XRD analysis revealed characteristic reflections of NiO, ZnO, and SnO2, indicating well-ordered crystalline structures with minimal microstrain. Hydrogen evolution performance was evaluated under simulated solar illumination. Zeo./NiO demonstrated superior photocurrent density (‒ 4.121 mA/g at ‒ 0.2714 V vs. RHE), outperforming ZnO- and SnO2-based photocatalysts. Stability tests confirmed minimal performance degradation over multiple cycles and extended operation. Incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) peaked at 10.99% at 405 nm, while applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) reached 0.12% at 390 nm, indicating efficient charge separation and transport. The hydrogen evolution rate was highest for Zeo./NiO (7.6 mmol/h), with a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 108.13%. These findings highlight Zeo./NiO’s potential as a high-performance photocatalyst for visible-light-driven hydrogen generation. The study provides critical insights into structure-performance relationships, contributing to developing advanced materials for renewable energy applications.