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<p>In this study, we investigate the synthesis and characterization of pristine and Ni-doped tin disulfide (SnS<sub>2</sub>) for photocatalytic activity. The concentration of Ni in the SnS<sub>2</sub> crystal lattice was varied using 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15&#xa0;M to achieve the best photocatalytic performance. All samples exhibited a high degree of hexagonal crystallinity with major XRD diffraction peaks occurring at 2θ values associated with the (111), (040), (210), and (121) planes. Morphological evaluation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a transition from agglomerated clustered nanostructures to hierarchical 3D nanostructures, these hierarchical 3D nanoflower-like architectures are composed of nanosheets, providing a larger number of exposed catalytic active sites as evidenced by SEM analysis, this in turn increases the specific surface area and active catalytic sites. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis identified Sn–S vibrational modes in the 500–650&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> region. The peak broadening and slight shifts confirm lattice perturbation due to Ni addition. Optical characterization through UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a notable red shift, with the optical band gap narrowing from 2.24&#xa0;eV for pristine to 1.86&#xa0;eV for the 0.15&#xa0;M Ni-doped sample. This alteration in band gap facilitates enhanced visible-light absorption, making the material highly effective for solar-driven processes. The photocatalytic efficacy was evaluated using the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) dye. The high Ni-doped (0.15&#xa0;M) sample showed the highest efficiency (potentially 92% within 60&#xa0;min) compared to pristine SnS<sub>2</sub>. This enhanced efficiency is due to the band gap modulation, improved charge carrier separation and enhanced surface reactivity induced by Ni dopant.</p>

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Synergistic effect of Ni doping on the structural and optical properties of hydrothermally synthesized SnS2 3D nanoflowers for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Sakthivel Jayaraman,
  • Arunachalam Vijayan,
  • K. Rajesh,
  • K. Anandan,
  • G. Manikandan,
  • K. Gayathri,
  • P. Devendran,
  • K. Perumal

摘要

In this study, we investigate the synthesis and characterization of pristine and Ni-doped tin disulfide (SnS2) for photocatalytic activity. The concentration of Ni in the SnS2 crystal lattice was varied using 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 M to achieve the best photocatalytic performance. All samples exhibited a high degree of hexagonal crystallinity with major XRD diffraction peaks occurring at 2θ values associated with the (111), (040), (210), and (121) planes. Morphological evaluation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a transition from agglomerated clustered nanostructures to hierarchical 3D nanostructures, these hierarchical 3D nanoflower-like architectures are composed of nanosheets, providing a larger number of exposed catalytic active sites as evidenced by SEM analysis, this in turn increases the specific surface area and active catalytic sites. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis identified Sn–S vibrational modes in the 500–650 cm−1 region. The peak broadening and slight shifts confirm lattice perturbation due to Ni addition. Optical characterization through UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a notable red shift, with the optical band gap narrowing from 2.24 eV for pristine to 1.86 eV for the 0.15 M Ni-doped sample. This alteration in band gap facilitates enhanced visible-light absorption, making the material highly effective for solar-driven processes. The photocatalytic efficacy was evaluated using the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) dye. The high Ni-doped (0.15 M) sample showed the highest efficiency (potentially 92% within 60 min) compared to pristine SnS2. This enhanced efficiency is due to the band gap modulation, improved charge carrier separation and enhanced surface reactivity induced by Ni dopant.