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<p>In extreme application scenarios such as aerospace and military equipment, there is an increasing demand for integrated functional composites that combine high-efficiency microwave absorption with flame-retardant characteristics. In this study, a dual-functional ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composite by utilizing carbon black (CB) as a functional filler in synergy with flame retardants. It indicates that at a CB dosage of 40 phr, the composite forms a denser and more ordered carbon layer during combustion, achieving a limiting oxygen index of 28.8%. Its significant flame-retardant properties are primarily realized through condensed-phase flame retardancy mechanisms and radical quenching effects. In terms of microwave absorptive performance, the composite exhibits favorable impedance matching and attenuation characteristics, achieving an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.9&#xa0;GHz at a thickness of 1.6&#xa0;mm. Furthermore, a moth-eye-inspired biomimetic metamaterial absorber was developed. After optimization, it delivers a reflection loss (RL) &lt; − 10&#xa0;dB over the entire 5–18&#xa0;GHz range at 10&#xa0;mm thickness, with enhanced RL &lt; − 20&#xa0;dB within the 8–18&#xa0;GHz range. This research offers a viable strategy for designing functional composites that combine highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption with reliable flame-retardant properties, specifically tailored for applications in extreme environments.</p>

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Synergistic enhancement of flame retardancy and broadband microwave absorption in carbon black/EPDM composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Tingjie Qiu,
  • Kai Cui,
  • Mang Li,
  • Zhuo Zhu

摘要

In extreme application scenarios such as aerospace and military equipment, there is an increasing demand for integrated functional composites that combine high-efficiency microwave absorption with flame-retardant characteristics. In this study, a dual-functional ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composite by utilizing carbon black (CB) as a functional filler in synergy with flame retardants. It indicates that at a CB dosage of 40 phr, the composite forms a denser and more ordered carbon layer during combustion, achieving a limiting oxygen index of 28.8%. Its significant flame-retardant properties are primarily realized through condensed-phase flame retardancy mechanisms and radical quenching effects. In terms of microwave absorptive performance, the composite exhibits favorable impedance matching and attenuation characteristics, achieving an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.9 GHz at a thickness of 1.6 mm. Furthermore, a moth-eye-inspired biomimetic metamaterial absorber was developed. After optimization, it delivers a reflection loss (RL) < − 10 dB over the entire 5–18 GHz range at 10 mm thickness, with enhanced RL < − 20 dB within the 8–18 GHz range. This research offers a viable strategy for designing functional composites that combine highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption with reliable flame-retardant properties, specifically tailored for applications in extreme environments.