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<p>Ce-substituted Fe-rich cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with the general formula Co<sub>0.9</sub>Fe<sub>2.1-x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.0–0.10) were synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion route to investigate the interplay between lattice strain, elastic response, and magnetic anisotropy induced by rare-earth doping. X-ray diffraction combined with four independent strain–size models (Williamson–Hall, Size–Strain Plot, Halder–Wagner, and Nelson–Riley) confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure and revealed that Ce incorporation simultaneously increases crystallite size (~ 20–30&#xa0;nm) and microstrain due to defect-mediated lattice distortion. FTIR-derived force constants and elastic moduli indicate progressive bond softening and porosity-driven reduction in effective stiffness with increasing Ce content. Magnetic measurements show a systematic enhancement of coercivity from 2.8 to 3.8 kOe and an increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy, originating from Ce-induced lattice strain, defect-mediated domain-wall pinning, and modified spin–orbit coupling. In contrast, the saturation magnetization decreases due to dilution of B-site Fe<sup>3+</sup> by non-magnetic Ce<sup>3+</sup> and the consequent weakening of A–B superexchange interactions, consistent with Néel’s ferrimagnetic model. By correlating multiple strain-analysis models with elastic and magnetic parameters, this work establishes a unified structure–mechanics–magnetism framework for Ce-doped cobalt ferrites, which has not been previously reported. The combination of enhanced coercivity, tunable anisotropy, and defect-engineered elastic response highlights the potential of these materials for high-frequency magnetic devices, spintronic components, and multifunctional oxide-based applications.</p>

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X-ray diffraction analysis by Williamson-Hall, strain-size, Halder-Wagner, and Nelson–Riley methods, and its co-relationship with elastic and magnetic properties of Ce3+ substituted Fe-rich cobalt ferrite

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Y. S. Madansure,
  • S. K. Gurav,
  • S. D. Balsure,
  • P. K. Gaikwad,
  • Ahamad Imran,
  • Ahmed Mohamed El-Toni,
  • A. V. Fulari,
  • Sagar E. Shirsath,
  • R. H. Kadam

摘要

Ce-substituted Fe-rich cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with the general formula Co0.9Fe2.1-xCexO4 (x = 0.0–0.10) were synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion route to investigate the interplay between lattice strain, elastic response, and magnetic anisotropy induced by rare-earth doping. X-ray diffraction combined with four independent strain–size models (Williamson–Hall, Size–Strain Plot, Halder–Wagner, and Nelson–Riley) confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure and revealed that Ce incorporation simultaneously increases crystallite size (~ 20–30 nm) and microstrain due to defect-mediated lattice distortion. FTIR-derived force constants and elastic moduli indicate progressive bond softening and porosity-driven reduction in effective stiffness with increasing Ce content. Magnetic measurements show a systematic enhancement of coercivity from 2.8 to 3.8 kOe and an increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy, originating from Ce-induced lattice strain, defect-mediated domain-wall pinning, and modified spin–orbit coupling. In contrast, the saturation magnetization decreases due to dilution of B-site Fe3+ by non-magnetic Ce3+ and the consequent weakening of A–B superexchange interactions, consistent with Néel’s ferrimagnetic model. By correlating multiple strain-analysis models with elastic and magnetic parameters, this work establishes a unified structure–mechanics–magnetism framework for Ce-doped cobalt ferrites, which has not been previously reported. The combination of enhanced coercivity, tunable anisotropy, and defect-engineered elastic response highlights the potential of these materials for high-frequency magnetic devices, spintronic components, and multifunctional oxide-based applications.