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<p>The growing fraction of aged people in the world population and consciousness about healthcare have made the need of smart wearable clothing to significant levels aiming to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This study addresses the imperative for flexible, self-powered wearable electronics by detailing a novel structural hierarchy: a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite coating integrating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver decorated rGO (rGO-Ag) applied onto knitted polyester fabric via a scalable dip-coating technique. Oxygen plasma pretreatment enhanced polymeric adherence. Structural analyses confirmed a substantial enhancement in the electroactive β-crystalline phase of PVDF. Thermal stability was obviously improved via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), showing a melting temperature (Tm) of 166.4&#xa0;°C for the PVDF-Ag-rGO embedment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) established the formation of rGO lamellar sheets stacked with polydisperse AgNPs accumulations. Thermal stability was obviously improved via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), showing a melting temperature (Tm) of 166.4&#xa0;°C for the PVDF/rGO-Ag embedment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) established the formation of rGO lamellar sheets stacked with Ag. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the existence of β-phase crystallites and face-centered cubic AgNPs, proved by typical reflections at 38.6<sup>∘</sup>, 44.4<sup>∘</sup>, and 64.2<sup>∘</sup>. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the existence of β-phase crystallites and face-centered cubic Ag nanostructure, proved by typical reflections at 38.6<sup>∘</sup>, 44.4<sup>∘</sup>, and 64.2<sup>∘</sup>. The improved nanocomposite revealed higher electromechanical transduction due to synergistic effects facilitating effective charge transfer. Peak open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>​) touched 7.02 V under tapping load and 4.11 V under bending load, yielding a determined closed-circuit current (I<sub>sc</sub>​) of 9.605 nA. The textile substrate effectively sensed human biomechanical characteristics, recording outputs up to 5.87 V for full neck bending, confirming its efficacy for self-powered wearable sensing systems.</p>

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Synergistic enhancement of piezoelectric sensing performance in PVDF/reduced graphene oxide–silver nanocomposite-coated knitted polyester fabrics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Amjed Javid,
  • Anum Rashid,
  • Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan,
  • Usman Zubair,
  • Munir Ashraf,
  • Mohsin Raza,
  • Muhammad Zahid,
  • Muhammad Sufyan Fiaz

摘要

The growing fraction of aged people in the world population and consciousness about healthcare have made the need of smart wearable clothing to significant levels aiming to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This study addresses the imperative for flexible, self-powered wearable electronics by detailing a novel structural hierarchy: a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite coating integrating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver decorated rGO (rGO-Ag) applied onto knitted polyester fabric via a scalable dip-coating technique. Oxygen plasma pretreatment enhanced polymeric adherence. Structural analyses confirmed a substantial enhancement in the electroactive β-crystalline phase of PVDF. Thermal stability was obviously improved via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), showing a melting temperature (Tm) of 166.4 °C for the PVDF-Ag-rGO embedment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) established the formation of rGO lamellar sheets stacked with polydisperse AgNPs accumulations. Thermal stability was obviously improved via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), showing a melting temperature (Tm) of 166.4 °C for the PVDF/rGO-Ag embedment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) established the formation of rGO lamellar sheets stacked with Ag. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the existence of β-phase crystallites and face-centered cubic AgNPs, proved by typical reflections at 38.6∘, 44.4∘, and 64.2∘. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the existence of β-phase crystallites and face-centered cubic Ag nanostructure, proved by typical reflections at 38.6∘, 44.4∘, and 64.2∘. The improved nanocomposite revealed higher electromechanical transduction due to synergistic effects facilitating effective charge transfer. Peak open-circuit voltage (Voc​) touched 7.02 V under tapping load and 4.11 V under bending load, yielding a determined closed-circuit current (Isc​) of 9.605 nA. The textile substrate effectively sensed human biomechanical characteristics, recording outputs up to 5.87 V for full neck bending, confirming its efficacy for self-powered wearable sensing systems.