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<p>In this study, a series of Cr<sup>3</sup>⁺-doped NaCr<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(<i>x</i> = 0–0.10) cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries were successfully synthesized via a solid-state method, aiming to synergistically address the inherent sluggish kinetics of NaFe<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(NFPS). Systematic characterization revealed that an appropriate amount of Cr<sup>3</sup>⁺(<i>x</i> = 0.08) was successfully incorporated into the lattice, optimizing the structure. This doping induced lattice contraction, leading to a dense bulk-like morphology and a concentrated mesopore distribution (3–7&#xa0;nm), which provides continuous channels for ion transport. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Cr in the + 3 oxidation state and its effective role in homogenizing the chemical environment of the Fe active sites. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that NFPS-Cr<sub>0.08</sub> exhibited optimal overall performance: it delivered a first-cycle discharge-specific capacity of 58 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup> at 25&#xa0;mA&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>, with a high capacity retention of 89.7% after 80 cycles, and demonstrated excellent rate performance, maintaining a high capacity output even at an elevated current density of 100&#xa0;mA&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>. EIS spectra showed the smallest charge transfer resistance and the steepest Warburg slope for this sample, confirming optimal interfacial reaction kinetics and sodium-ion diffusion rate. CV tests indicated that it maintained excellent capacitive behavior and rapid charge storage capability even at high scan rates up to 0.50&#xa0;V&#xa0;s⁻<sup>1</sup>. The findings provide clear guidance for designing high-performance polyanionic cathode materials.</p>

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Electrochemical properties of NaFe2PO4(SO4)2 via Cr3+ doping as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Haixia Wang,
  • Junhao Li,
  • Yao Liu,
  • Kunjie Li,
  • Zeda Meng,
  • Won-Chun Oh

摘要

In this study, a series of Cr3⁺-doped NaCrxFe2-xPO4(SO4)2(x = 0–0.10) cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries were successfully synthesized via a solid-state method, aiming to synergistically address the inherent sluggish kinetics of NaFe2(PO4)(SO4)2(NFPS). Systematic characterization revealed that an appropriate amount of Cr3⁺(x = 0.08) was successfully incorporated into the lattice, optimizing the structure. This doping induced lattice contraction, leading to a dense bulk-like morphology and a concentrated mesopore distribution (3–7 nm), which provides continuous channels for ion transport. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Cr in the + 3 oxidation state and its effective role in homogenizing the chemical environment of the Fe active sites. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that NFPS-Cr0.08 exhibited optimal overall performance: it delivered a first-cycle discharge-specific capacity of 58 mAh g⁻1 at 25 mA g⁻1, with a high capacity retention of 89.7% after 80 cycles, and demonstrated excellent rate performance, maintaining a high capacity output even at an elevated current density of 100 mA g−1. EIS spectra showed the smallest charge transfer resistance and the steepest Warburg slope for this sample, confirming optimal interfacial reaction kinetics and sodium-ion diffusion rate. CV tests indicated that it maintained excellent capacitive behavior and rapid charge storage capability even at high scan rates up to 0.50 V s⁻1. The findings provide clear guidance for designing high-performance polyanionic cathode materials.