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<p>The development of sustainable and effective electrode materials is essential to the advancement of high-performance supercapacitors. In this study, we report a low-cost, eco-friendly way of producing samarium-doped activated carbon from mosambi peel (sweet lime) waste using the KOH activation process for utilization in supercapacitors. The addition of samarium to the biomass carbon framework increased the number of active sites and enhanced the material’s characteristics. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the samarium-doped mosambi peel-activated carbon (Sm-doped MS-AC) electrode achieves a remarkable specific capacitance (C<sub>s</sub>) of 560 F/g at 1 A/g current density. The material demonstrates a high energy and power densities of 68.80 Wh/kg (E<sub>d</sub>) and 470 W/kg (P<sub>d</sub>). Furthermore, the electroactive material revealed excellent kinetic features with a low solution resistance (R<sub>s</sub>) of 0.6 Ω and retained exceptional cycling stability over 6500th cycles. The practical capabilities of the material were evaluated through two-electrode symmetric studies. These analyses yielded C<sub>s</sub> of 182 F/g, E<sub>d</sub> of 20.54 Wh/kg, and P<sub>d</sub> of 1800 W/kg. These results demonstrate the crucial role that heteroatom engineering plays in improving the electrochemical behaviour of carbons derived from biomass, offering an adaptable approach for sustainable energy storage devices.</p>

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Elementally doped biomass-derived activated carbon (Sm-doped MS-AC) for enhanced supercapacitor performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Muhammad Moeez,
  • B. M. Alotaibi,
  • Haifa A. Alyousef,
  • Albandari W. Alrowaily,
  • Rizwan Ul Hassan,
  • Hussain Sawwan,
  • Reda A. Haggam

摘要

The development of sustainable and effective electrode materials is essential to the advancement of high-performance supercapacitors. In this study, we report a low-cost, eco-friendly way of producing samarium-doped activated carbon from mosambi peel (sweet lime) waste using the KOH activation process for utilization in supercapacitors. The addition of samarium to the biomass carbon framework increased the number of active sites and enhanced the material’s characteristics. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the samarium-doped mosambi peel-activated carbon (Sm-doped MS-AC) electrode achieves a remarkable specific capacitance (Cs) of 560 F/g at 1 A/g current density. The material demonstrates a high energy and power densities of 68.80 Wh/kg (Ed) and 470 W/kg (Pd). Furthermore, the electroactive material revealed excellent kinetic features with a low solution resistance (Rs) of 0.6 Ω and retained exceptional cycling stability over 6500th cycles. The practical capabilities of the material were evaluated through two-electrode symmetric studies. These analyses yielded Cs of 182 F/g, Ed of 20.54 Wh/kg, and Pd of 1800 W/kg. These results demonstrate the crucial role that heteroatom engineering plays in improving the electrochemical behaviour of carbons derived from biomass, offering an adaptable approach for sustainable energy storage devices.