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<p>Sodium-doped copper oxide (Na-CuO) nanocrystallites were synthesized with varying Na concentrations (0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 mol fractions). The effect of sodium incorporation on the structural and magnetic properties of CuO was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Rietveld analysis confirmed CuO as the dominant phase with minimal variation in lattice parameters and an average crystallite size of approximately 125 nm. A minor Na-rich secondary phase decreased with increasing Na substitution, indicating enhanced lattice stabilization. SEM images revealed a morphological evolution from paddy-like to rod-shaped particles with rising Na content, while EDX confirmed uniform elemental distribution. Magnetic measurements at 300 K exhibited a soft paramagnetic response, with magnetization (Ms) ranging from 0.034 to 0.049 emu g-1 and coercivity (Hc) between 541 and 682 G. The findings suggest that moderate Na doping introduces controlled disorder and surface defects without altering the CuO lattice, yielding nanocrystallites with tunable magnetic properties suitable for low-field and power electronic applications.</p>

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Defect-induced structural stabilization and paramagnetic response in sodium-doped CuO nanocrystallites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Vishal Samaje,
  • S. Thiyagaraj,
  • Nagaiah Kambhala

摘要

Sodium-doped copper oxide (Na-CuO) nanocrystallites were synthesized with varying Na concentrations (0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 mol fractions). The effect of sodium incorporation on the structural and magnetic properties of CuO was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Rietveld analysis confirmed CuO as the dominant phase with minimal variation in lattice parameters and an average crystallite size of approximately 125 nm. A minor Na-rich secondary phase decreased with increasing Na substitution, indicating enhanced lattice stabilization. SEM images revealed a morphological evolution from paddy-like to rod-shaped particles with rising Na content, while EDX confirmed uniform elemental distribution. Magnetic measurements at 300 K exhibited a soft paramagnetic response, with magnetization (Ms) ranging from 0.034 to 0.049 emu g-1 and coercivity (Hc) between 541 and 682 G. The findings suggest that moderate Na doping introduces controlled disorder and surface defects without altering the CuO lattice, yielding nanocrystallites with tunable magnetic properties suitable for low-field and power electronic applications.