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<p>Amber glass turns brown at higher temperatures owing to the impurities of nickel and carbon in the sand. This brown glass absorbs a comprehensive range of light and protects food, medicine, and cosmetics from harmful UV light. Here, amber-like titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) thin films were developed at room temperature using a simple layer-by-layer electrodeposition method with titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the TiO<sub>2</sub> films, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a cracked surface morphology that facilitates ion diffusion. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of Ti–O–Ti bonding, indicating successful network formation. Electrochemical studies showed Li⁺ intercalation-induced Ti<sup>3</sup>⁺ states, resulting in irreversible brown coloration. This permanent amber-like coloration achieved at room temperature provides a cost-effective, energy-efficient alternative to conventional amber glass for UV-protective packaging applications.</p>

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Characterizing the amber-glass appearance of titanium dioxide: a new perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Ayesha Khan,
  • Suchitra Sapakal,
  • Anamika Kadam

摘要

Amber glass turns brown at higher temperatures owing to the impurities of nickel and carbon in the sand. This brown glass absorbs a comprehensive range of light and protects food, medicine, and cosmetics from harmful UV light. Here, amber-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were developed at room temperature using a simple layer-by-layer electrodeposition method with titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the TiO2 films, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a cracked surface morphology that facilitates ion diffusion. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of Ti–O–Ti bonding, indicating successful network formation. Electrochemical studies showed Li⁺ intercalation-induced Ti3⁺ states, resulting in irreversible brown coloration. This permanent amber-like coloration achieved at room temperature provides a cost-effective, energy-efficient alternative to conventional amber glass for UV-protective packaging applications.