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<p>Erbium (Er<sup>3+</sup>)-doped barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) nanoceramics with the composition Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Er<sub>x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized via solid-state reaction. XRD analysis confirmed the coexistence of tetragonal-cubic perovskite phases with an expanding lattice parameter (from <i>a</i> = 4.1087&#xa0;Å to <i>a</i> = 4.1531&#xa0;Å), indicating successful incorporation of Er<sup>3+</sup> into the Ba<sup>2+</sup> site. SEM micrographs showed homogeneously distributed nanoparticles (~ 20–25&#xa0;nm) with trace cubic shapes at higher doping levels. An insignificant increase in the optical band gap from 3.166&#xa0;eV to 3.177&#xa0;eV was observed with Er doping, attributed to a Burstein-Moss effect and changes in dielectric constant. Dielectric studies showed a significant increase in the refractive index (up to 3) and a high activation energy of 0.128&#xa0;eV, indicating a greater energy barrier for ionic conduction. Despite the wider band gap, Er-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, degrading 48% of Methylene Blue, suggesting that factors beyond band gap broadening, such as efficient charge separation, dominate its performance.</p>

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New contribution on structural, optical, and dielectric study of erbium-doped barium titanate for photocatalysis application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • R. Dhahri,
  • Malek Madani,
  • Adel Madani,
  • Bedour Alamri,
  • Hasan B. Albargi,
  • A. M. Al‑Syadi,
  • Elkenany Brens Elkenany

摘要

Erbium (Er3+)-doped barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoceramics with the composition Ba1-xErxTiO3 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized via solid-state reaction. XRD analysis confirmed the coexistence of tetragonal-cubic perovskite phases with an expanding lattice parameter (from a = 4.1087 Å to a = 4.1531 Å), indicating successful incorporation of Er3+ into the Ba2+ site. SEM micrographs showed homogeneously distributed nanoparticles (~ 20–25 nm) with trace cubic shapes at higher doping levels. An insignificant increase in the optical band gap from 3.166 eV to 3.177 eV was observed with Er doping, attributed to a Burstein-Moss effect and changes in dielectric constant. Dielectric studies showed a significant increase in the refractive index (up to 3) and a high activation energy of 0.128 eV, indicating a greater energy barrier for ionic conduction. Despite the wider band gap, Er-doped BaTiO3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, degrading 48% of Methylene Blue, suggesting that factors beyond band gap broadening, such as efficient charge separation, dominate its performance.