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<p>This study investigates the effect of initial Zn<sup>2+</sup> concentration on the morphological, structural, and gas sensing properties of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs). ZnO-NWs were synthesized on a jet nebulizer spray-pyrolyzed ZnO seed layer (JNSP-ZnO) using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, with precursor Zn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations varied from 0.02&#xa0;M to 0.10&#xa0;M. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a hexagonal crystal structure with a dominant (002) orientation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed vertically aligned NWs with diameters ranging from 72 to 162&#xa0;nm and lengths between 0.6&#xa0;µm and 3&#xa0;µm, depending on the precursor concentration. Optical band gap was found to be 3.12&#xa0;eV to 3.28&#xa0;eV as concentration varied. Gas sensing evaluation towards hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), and tri-methylamine (TMA) demonstrated that ZnO-NWs synthesized at 0.06&#xa0;M exhibited optimal response and selectivity.The results highlight precursor concentration as a key parameter in controlling ZnO nanowire morphology and functional performance, offering a simple strategy for optimizing nanostructured ZnO-based gas sensors.</p>

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Optimization of Zn2⁺ precursor concentration in chemical bath deposited ZnO nanowires for enhanced selective gas sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • H. M. S. P. Randiligama,
  • D. N. P. R. Jayakantha,
  • Elisebetta Comini,
  • C. Sekar,
  • N. Gunawardhana,
  • M. L. Karunarathne

摘要

This study investigates the effect of initial Zn2+ concentration on the morphological, structural, and gas sensing properties of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs). ZnO-NWs were synthesized on a jet nebulizer spray-pyrolyzed ZnO seed layer (JNSP-ZnO) using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, with precursor Zn2+ concentrations varied from 0.02 M to 0.10 M. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a hexagonal crystal structure with a dominant (002) orientation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed vertically aligned NWs with diameters ranging from 72 to 162 nm and lengths between 0.6 µm and 3 µm, depending on the precursor concentration. Optical band gap was found to be 3.12 eV to 3.28 eV as concentration varied. Gas sensing evaluation towards hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and tri-methylamine (TMA) demonstrated that ZnO-NWs synthesized at 0.06 M exhibited optimal response and selectivity.The results highlight precursor concentration as a key parameter in controlling ZnO nanowire morphology and functional performance, offering a simple strategy for optimizing nanostructured ZnO-based gas sensors.