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<p>To meet the demand for transducers operating reliably above 200&#xa0;°C, this study focuses on high-temperature 1-3 PZT/epoxy piezoelectric composites. Finite-element analysis was employed to optimize the pillar width to balance thickness-mode purity with thermomechanical reliability. Based on a PZT-S35 ceramic and high-temperature epoxy system, the composite with a thickness of 3.2&#xa0;mm and pillar width of 2.0&#xa0;mm exhibited a resonant frequency of 506&#xa0;kHz, an electromechanical coupling coefficient of 61%, and an acoustic impedance of 20.13 MRayl. After a 5-hr thermal hold at 230&#xa0;°C, the resonant frequency drifted by only 2.2%, while dielectric and piezoelectric properties remained stable. A transducer assembled with this composite showed a center frequency of 475&#xa0;kHz and maintained consistent echo amplitude and frequency stability under the same high-temperature conditions. These results demonstrate that simulation-guided structural optimization enables enhanced thermal stability and acoustic performance of PZT/epoxy 1-3 composites within defined material and dimensional constraints, providing a reliable design pathway for high-temperature ultrasonic transducers in deep-well acoustic logging applications.</p>

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Design and characterization of a PZT/epoxy 1-3 piezoelectric composite with thermal stability at 230 °C for acoustic logging transducer applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Kexin Wu,
  • Dongxu Cheng,
  • Ruihong Liang,
  • Xiaorong Fan,
  • Zhiyong Zhou,
  • Wei Peng

摘要

To meet the demand for transducers operating reliably above 200 °C, this study focuses on high-temperature 1-3 PZT/epoxy piezoelectric composites. Finite-element analysis was employed to optimize the pillar width to balance thickness-mode purity with thermomechanical reliability. Based on a PZT-S35 ceramic and high-temperature epoxy system, the composite with a thickness of 3.2 mm and pillar width of 2.0 mm exhibited a resonant frequency of 506 kHz, an electromechanical coupling coefficient of 61%, and an acoustic impedance of 20.13 MRayl. After a 5-hr thermal hold at 230 °C, the resonant frequency drifted by only 2.2%, while dielectric and piezoelectric properties remained stable. A transducer assembled with this composite showed a center frequency of 475 kHz and maintained consistent echo amplitude and frequency stability under the same high-temperature conditions. These results demonstrate that simulation-guided structural optimization enables enhanced thermal stability and acoustic performance of PZT/epoxy 1-3 composites within defined material and dimensional constraints, providing a reliable design pathway for high-temperature ultrasonic transducers in deep-well acoustic logging applications.