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<p>In this study, MnFe₂O₄/BaTiO₃ nanoparticle systems were systematically investigated as microwave absorbers in the X-band (8–12.4&#xa0;GHz). Nanoparticles were physically mixed at different weight ratios and examined both before and after annealing at 1100&#xa0;C for 3&#xa0;h. The microstructural and magnetic properties were evaluated using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR and M–H hysteresis measurements, respectively. Structural analyses revealed that the as-mixed samples consist of coexisting MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and BaTiO<sub>3</sub> phases, while annealing induces an in-situ transformation into an Mn/Ti-substituted M-type barium hexaferrite phase. This phase evolution leads to a significant increase in saturation magnetization and coercivity, indicating a transition toward harder magnetic behavior. Microwave absorption performance was evaluated using reflection loss measurements. The non-annealed 50 MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–50 BaTiO<sub>3</sub> composite exhibits the best absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of approximately − 23&#xa0;dB at 10.8–11.0&#xa0;GHz. In contrast, annealed samples show reduced absorption efficiency, with minimum reflection loss values in the range of − 10 to − 16&#xa0;dB. These results demonstrate that enhanced magnetic hardness does not necessarily improve microwave absorption in MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-based absorbers.</p>

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Structural evolution and microwave absorption properties of MnFe₂O₄/BaTiO₃ nanoparticle systems and their composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Selcuk Atalay,
  • Ergun Durmaz,
  • Omer Faruk Seker

摘要

In this study, MnFe₂O₄/BaTiO₃ nanoparticle systems were systematically investigated as microwave absorbers in the X-band (8–12.4 GHz). Nanoparticles were physically mixed at different weight ratios and examined both before and after annealing at 1100 C for 3 h. The microstructural and magnetic properties were evaluated using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR and M–H hysteresis measurements, respectively. Structural analyses revealed that the as-mixed samples consist of coexisting MnFe2O4 and BaTiO3 phases, while annealing induces an in-situ transformation into an Mn/Ti-substituted M-type barium hexaferrite phase. This phase evolution leads to a significant increase in saturation magnetization and coercivity, indicating a transition toward harder magnetic behavior. Microwave absorption performance was evaluated using reflection loss measurements. The non-annealed 50 MnFe2O4–50 BaTiO3 composite exhibits the best absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of approximately − 23 dB at 10.8–11.0 GHz. In contrast, annealed samples show reduced absorption efficiency, with minimum reflection loss values in the range of − 10 to − 16 dB. These results demonstrate that enhanced magnetic hardness does not necessarily improve microwave absorption in MnFe2O4/BaTiO3-based absorbers.