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<p>The bulk spinel ferrite Ni<sub>0.65</sub>Cd<sub>0.35</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was prepared using nanocrystalline powders made from the sol–gel process.&#xa0;The cubic spinel structure was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared&#xa0;spectroscopy&#xa0;(FTIR) data with Al content.&#xa0;The SEM analysis revealed reduction in grain size from 4 to 1&#xa0;μm.&#xa0;Analysis&#xa0;of magnetic domains&#xa0;reveals&#xa0;the characteristics of soft ferrite and&#xa0;multi-domain behavior.&#xa0;The&#xa0;extinction coefficient and refractive index parameters of bulk ferrite are studied using the Kramers–Kronig (K–K) approach.&#xa0;Elastic properties, including&#xa0;the force constant, stiffness constant, elastic moduli, wave velocities, and&#xa0;Debye temperature (θ<sub>D</sub>), were&#xa0;found relative increases with Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution.&#xa0;The dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, and AC conductivity decrease with&#xa0;Al content.&#xa0;Non-Debye-type&#xa0;relaxation is observed from&#xa0;the fitted&#xa0;curve of&#xa0;the dielectric&#xa0;properties and&#xa0;the analysis of the electric modulus.&#xa0;The resistance at the interfaces of the grains and within the grains&#xa0;increased with increasing&#xa0;Al content.&#xa0;The AC&#xa0;conductivity is fitted to Jonscher’s power law.</p>

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Study of the magnetic domain, optical, elastic properties with theoretical justification of transport behavior in Ni0.65Cd0.35Fe2-xAlxO4

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Nur Mohammed,
  • M. Belal Hossen

摘要

The bulk spinel ferrite Ni0.65Cd0.35Fe2-xAlxO4 was prepared using nanocrystalline powders made from the sol–gel process. The cubic spinel structure was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data with Al content. The SEM analysis revealed reduction in grain size from 4 to 1 μm. Analysis of magnetic domains reveals the characteristics of soft ferrite and multi-domain behavior. The extinction coefficient and refractive index parameters of bulk ferrite are studied using the Kramers–Kronig (K–K) approach. Elastic properties, including the force constant, stiffness constant, elastic moduli, wave velocities, and Debye temperature (θD), were found relative increases with Al3+ substitution. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, and AC conductivity decrease with Al content. Non-Debye-type relaxation is observed from the fitted curve of the dielectric properties and the analysis of the electric modulus. The resistance at the interfaces of the grains and within the grains increased with increasing Al content. The AC conductivity is fitted to Jonscher’s power law.