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<p>Various radiology technologies, such as computed tomography, mammography and intraoral radiography utilize X-ray sensors. Using X-ray stimulated scintillating materials, ionizing radiation can be transformed into light. The gadolinium (Gd)-doped praseodymium dioxide (PrO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion method and annealed at varying temperatures. This work explores the influence of thermal treatment on the structural, optical, and photonic properties of Gd-doped PrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles for indirect conversion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirmed the cubic structure of Gd-doped PrO<sub>2</sub>, with enhanced crystallinity and reduced lattice strain at higher annealing temperatures. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Grain size distribution (GSD) revealed uniform grain sizes ranging from 7 to 39&#xa0;nm at 400 to 1000&#xa0;°C, producing optimal surface morphology for X-ray sensing applications. Photocurrent studies conducted using BPW34 photodiodes coated with Gd-doped PrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles revealed a significant sensitivity to low-dose X-rays, with the 600&#xa0;°C sample achieving the highest sensitivity of 51 <i>μ</i>C/mGy/cm<sup>3</sup> at a dose of 7.97&#xa0;mGy. The results demonstrate that Gd-doped PrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles show promise for developing X-ray sensing systems that use commercial photodiode arrays.</p>

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Exploring X-ray sensing of Gd-doped PrO2 nanoparticles through indirect conversion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • S. Dinesh,
  • Prakash Jayabal,
  • Santosh Mathapati,
  • G. Devanand Venkatasubbu

摘要

Various radiology technologies, such as computed tomography, mammography and intraoral radiography utilize X-ray sensors. Using X-ray stimulated scintillating materials, ionizing radiation can be transformed into light. The gadolinium (Gd)-doped praseodymium dioxide (PrO2) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion method and annealed at varying temperatures. This work explores the influence of thermal treatment on the structural, optical, and photonic properties of Gd-doped PrO2 nanoparticles for indirect conversion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirmed the cubic structure of Gd-doped PrO2, with enhanced crystallinity and reduced lattice strain at higher annealing temperatures. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Grain size distribution (GSD) revealed uniform grain sizes ranging from 7 to 39 nm at 400 to 1000 °C, producing optimal surface morphology for X-ray sensing applications. Photocurrent studies conducted using BPW34 photodiodes coated with Gd-doped PrO2 nanoparticles revealed a significant sensitivity to low-dose X-rays, with the 600 °C sample achieving the highest sensitivity of 51 μC/mGy/cm3 at a dose of 7.97 mGy. The results demonstrate that Gd-doped PrO2 nanoparticles show promise for developing X-ray sensing systems that use commercial photodiode arrays.