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<p>In this work, a quick solution combustion approach was used to successfully synthesise pure and 5&#xa0;mol% gallium (Ga)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles. In order to determine their suitability as photoanodes, the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the resulting materials were examined, and their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) sensitized with <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract was evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the anatase phase, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed improved lattice contrast and particle dispersion in the Ga-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>. UV–visible spectroscopy showed enhanced dye adsorption and light-harvesting capability for the doped samples, and these structural and optical modifications contributed to improved electron transport and reduced charge recombination. DSSCs based on Ga-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> achieved a power conversion efficiency of 3.7%, significantly higher than the 1.97% observed for undoped TiO<sub>2</sub>. These results demonstrate that Ga doping effectively enhances the structural, optical, and photovoltaic performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanodes, providing a sustainable strategy for environmentally friendly DSSCs.</p>

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Gallium-doped titanium dioxide and moringa oleifera leaf extract: a green approach for sustainable development goal-focused solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • P. Vivek,
  • M. Rekha

摘要

In this work, a quick solution combustion approach was used to successfully synthesise pure and 5 mol% gallium (Ga)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. In order to determine their suitability as photoanodes, the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the resulting materials were examined, and their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) sensitized with Moringa oleifera leaf extract was evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the anatase phase, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed improved lattice contrast and particle dispersion in the Ga-doped TiO2. UV–visible spectroscopy showed enhanced dye adsorption and light-harvesting capability for the doped samples, and these structural and optical modifications contributed to improved electron transport and reduced charge recombination. DSSCs based on Ga-doped TiO2 achieved a power conversion efficiency of 3.7%, significantly higher than the 1.97% observed for undoped TiO2. These results demonstrate that Ga doping effectively enhances the structural, optical, and photovoltaic performance of TiO2 photoanodes, providing a sustainable strategy for environmentally friendly DSSCs.