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<p>Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in neurological processes, and its accurate monitoring is essential for clinical diagnostics. In this work, a ternary Cu–Zn–Fe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to form a conductive hybrid nanocomposite for electrochemical dopamine sensing. The structural and morphological characteristics of the composite were examined using FTIR, XRD, EDX, and FE-SEM. The prepared material was employed to modify a carbon paste electrode (CPE), where the synergistic interaction between the trimetallic LDH and MWCNTs significantly enhanced electron-transfer efficiency and electrocatalytic activity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis demonstrated a wide linear detection range of 0.211–23&#xa0;<i>µ</i>M and a low detection limit of 0.09&#xa0;±&#xa0;0.01&#xa0;<i>µ</i>M, calculated using the LOD = 3SDa/s method. The anodic and cathodic peak currents increased proportionally with dopamine concentration following the regression equations: <i>I</i><sub>pa</sub> (<i>µ</i>A) = 9.6591C (<i>µ</i>M) + 51.007 (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9903) and <i>I</i><sub>pc</sub> (<i>µ</i>A) = −&#xa0;8.197C (<i>µ</i>M)–85.15 (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9894). The sensor exhibited good selectivity toward dopamine in the presence of common interfering species, along with acceptable repeatability and stability during storage. Practical applicability was validated through real-sample analysis, yielding recovery values of 95.1–113% with RSD &lt; 4%. These results demonstrate that the Cu–Zn–Fe LDH/MWCNT composite is a promising, low-cost, and efficient electrode modifier for sensitive dopamine detection in biomedical and analytical applications.</p>

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Development of highly sensitive electrochemical dopamine sensor based on MWCNT/Cu–Zn–Fe LDH nanocomposite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Ali M. Hameed,
  • Muhammad Hameed Al-Timimi,
  • Nabeel A. Bakr

摘要

Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in neurological processes, and its accurate monitoring is essential for clinical diagnostics. In this work, a ternary Cu–Zn–Fe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to form a conductive hybrid nanocomposite for electrochemical dopamine sensing. The structural and morphological characteristics of the composite were examined using FTIR, XRD, EDX, and FE-SEM. The prepared material was employed to modify a carbon paste electrode (CPE), where the synergistic interaction between the trimetallic LDH and MWCNTs significantly enhanced electron-transfer efficiency and electrocatalytic activity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis demonstrated a wide linear detection range of 0.211–23 µM and a low detection limit of 0.09 ± 0.01 µM, calculated using the LOD = 3SDa/s method. The anodic and cathodic peak currents increased proportionally with dopamine concentration following the regression equations: Ipa (µA) = 9.6591C (µM) + 51.007 (R2 = 0.9903) and Ipc (µA) = − 8.197C (µM)–85.15 (R2 = 0.9894). The sensor exhibited good selectivity toward dopamine in the presence of common interfering species, along with acceptable repeatability and stability during storage. Practical applicability was validated through real-sample analysis, yielding recovery values of 95.1–113% with RSD < 4%. These results demonstrate that the Cu–Zn–Fe LDH/MWCNT composite is a promising, low-cost, and efficient electrode modifier for sensitive dopamine detection in biomedical and analytical applications.