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<p>This research clearly illustrates the importance of optimizing anodization time for improving the electrochemical property of TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO heterojunction electrodes used for the construction of non-enzymatic glucose sensors. The electrodes were synthesized through electrochemical anodization of copper oxide (CuO) and hydro-thermal treatment of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>). The electrode synthesized under an anodization time of 15 min showed the best electrochemical property, with a high sensitivity of 4559μA&#xa0;mM<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>, detection limits of 0.05 mM, a wide linear range 0.05–6 mM, and high responder times of 10 s. However, the sensor showed high reproducibility and high electrochemical stability. The electrocede exhibited high electrochemical properties due to nanoscopic morphology, a highly increased CuO crystal structure, and highly reduced charge transfer resistance at the TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO interfaces. This clearly demonstrates the high importance of anodization time for improving the property and capability of the TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO-constructed non-enzymatic glucose sensors.</p>

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Impact of time anodization synthesis of TiO2/CuO/Cu heterojunction nanostructures for high-performance glucose biosensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Nisreen Khalid Fahad,
  • Zahraa S. Abd-Al Ameer,
  • Zainab H. Shakir,
  • Zeinah K. Abdaldeen,
  • Muntadher I. Rahmah

摘要

This research clearly illustrates the importance of optimizing anodization time for improving the electrochemical property of TiO2/CuO heterojunction electrodes used for the construction of non-enzymatic glucose sensors. The electrodes were synthesized through electrochemical anodization of copper oxide (CuO) and hydro-thermal treatment of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The electrode synthesized under an anodization time of 15 min showed the best electrochemical property, with a high sensitivity of 4559μA mM−1 cm−2, detection limits of 0.05 mM, a wide linear range 0.05–6 mM, and high responder times of 10 s. However, the sensor showed high reproducibility and high electrochemical stability. The electrocede exhibited high electrochemical properties due to nanoscopic morphology, a highly increased CuO crystal structure, and highly reduced charge transfer resistance at the TiO2/CuO interfaces. This clearly demonstrates the high importance of anodization time for improving the property and capability of the TiO2/CuO-constructed non-enzymatic glucose sensors.