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<p>Manganese (Mn<sup>2</sup>⁺)-doped sodium potassium sulfate (NKS) single crystals were grown using the slow evaporation solution growth technique and investigated for ultraviolet (UV) filter applications. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a hexagonal structure with space group <i>P-3m1</i> and lattice parameters a = b = 5.68&#xa0;Å, c = 7.35&#xa0;Å, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°, and a unit cell volume of 205 Å<sup>3</sup>, confirming successful Mn<sup>2</sup>⁺ incorporation into the lattice. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy exhibited characteristic sulfate vibrational modes at 1186, 1106, and 989&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>, along with metal–oxygen bonding at 447&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a plate-like morphology with an average particle size of 27.24&#xa0;μm, while energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed a Mn content of 1.51 wt%. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the crystal remains stable up to 400&#xa0;°C. UV–Visible spectroscopy showed strong absorption at 334&#xa0;nm and a wide optical band gap of 5.13&#xa0;eV, indicating excellent UV-blocking capability with high visible transparency. Photoluminescence studies revealed an excitation peak at 278&#xa0;nm and an emission peak at 380&#xa0;nm, with a correlated color temperature of 5189&#xa0;K, color purity of 79.28%, and an average lifetime of 1.86 × 10⁻⁹ s. These results demonstrate that Mn-doped NKS crystals exhibit enhanced UV-filtering efficiency, good thermal stability, and promising potential for advanced optical and protective applications.</p>

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Sustainable Mn-doped sodium potassium sulfate single crystals with enhanced UV-filtering and thermal stability for advanced optical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • N. Venkatachalam,
  • M. Prabhaharan,
  • D.Dulasimathi,
  • Muthumareeswaran Muthuramamoorthy,
  • S. Thanka Rajan

摘要

Manganese (Mn2⁺)-doped sodium potassium sulfate (NKS) single crystals were grown using the slow evaporation solution growth technique and investigated for ultraviolet (UV) filter applications. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a hexagonal structure with space group P-3m1 and lattice parameters a = b = 5.68 Å, c = 7.35 Å, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°, and a unit cell volume of 205 Å3, confirming successful Mn2⁺ incorporation into the lattice. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy exhibited characteristic sulfate vibrational modes at 1186, 1106, and 989 cm⁻1, along with metal–oxygen bonding at 447 cm⁻1. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a plate-like morphology with an average particle size of 27.24 μm, while energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed a Mn content of 1.51 wt%. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the crystal remains stable up to 400 °C. UV–Visible spectroscopy showed strong absorption at 334 nm and a wide optical band gap of 5.13 eV, indicating excellent UV-blocking capability with high visible transparency. Photoluminescence studies revealed an excitation peak at 278 nm and an emission peak at 380 nm, with a correlated color temperature of 5189 K, color purity of 79.28%, and an average lifetime of 1.86 × 10⁻⁹ s. These results demonstrate that Mn-doped NKS crystals exhibit enhanced UV-filtering efficiency, good thermal stability, and promising potential for advanced optical and protective applications.