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<p>High-quality single crystals of bisthiourea–urea-mixed systems co-doped with Sr<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions (SBTU) were grown and analyzed to assess their potential in optical technologies. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic crystal structure. The samples were subjected to different gamma irradiation doses, and their optical and mechanical responses were carefully studied. UV cut-off wavelength is 332&#xa0;nm for SBTU crystal. Also the UV–Vis absorbance measurements showed that the absorption increased progressively with higher radiation levels, while the Urbach energy values also rose, reflecting greater structural disorder. Band gap energy obtained to be 4.04&#xa0;eV. Mechanical testing through Vickers microhardness revealed that the hardness number consistently increased with applied load across all irradiated crystals, indicating better resistance to deformation. Nonlinear optical investigations carried out using the Z-scan method demonstrated that the third-order susceptibility of 0.15 × 10<sup>−6</sup> esu which is improved with radiation, reaching its highest value at an exposure of 1 Mrad. These results highlight that gamma irradiation can be effectively used as a tool to modify and enhance the physical properties of Sr<sup>2</sup>⁺-doped bisthiourea–urea crystals, making them promising candidates for photonic and optoelectronic applications.</p>

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Nonlinear optical performance of Sr2⁺-doped bisthiourea–urea crystals via controlled gamma irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • M. S. Dileep,
  • H. J. Yashwanth,
  • M. Madhukara Naik,
  • G. K. Prashanth,
  • H. M. Suresh Kumar,
  • M. S. Divyashree,
  • P. B. Chethan

摘要

High-quality single crystals of bisthiourea–urea-mixed systems co-doped with Sr2⁺ ions (SBTU) were grown and analyzed to assess their potential in optical technologies. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic crystal structure. The samples were subjected to different gamma irradiation doses, and their optical and mechanical responses were carefully studied. UV cut-off wavelength is 332 nm for SBTU crystal. Also the UV–Vis absorbance measurements showed that the absorption increased progressively with higher radiation levels, while the Urbach energy values also rose, reflecting greater structural disorder. Band gap energy obtained to be 4.04 eV. Mechanical testing through Vickers microhardness revealed that the hardness number consistently increased with applied load across all irradiated crystals, indicating better resistance to deformation. Nonlinear optical investigations carried out using the Z-scan method demonstrated that the third-order susceptibility of 0.15 × 10−6 esu which is improved with radiation, reaching its highest value at an exposure of 1 Mrad. These results highlight that gamma irradiation can be effectively used as a tool to modify and enhance the physical properties of Sr2⁺-doped bisthiourea–urea crystals, making them promising candidates for photonic and optoelectronic applications.