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<p>Polymeric materials are extensively used in electromagnetic systems because of their low density, mechanical robustness, and cost-effectiveness. In radar systems operating near 24&#xa0;GHz, such as automotive sensors and satellite communication antennas, these materials commonly serve as radome structures, where high transmission and low reflection are essential. This work investigated the electromagnetic behavior of eight commercial polymers in the K-band via a vector network analyzer coupled to a WR-42 waveguide. The scattering parameters were measured and converted into transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance coefficients. A dual-stage Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) approach is proposed. In the first stage, the complex permittivity and permeability of each polymer are extracted. Second, the optimal radome thickness is analytically determined to minimize reflection and to reevaluate the transmission performance. After applying the proposed method, all polymers exhibit transmission above 94% and reflection below 3%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the combined NRW–radome approach as a reliable and broadly applicable approach for optimizing dielectric radome structures.</p>

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Electromagnetic assessment of polymers for 24 GHz radomes via a dual-stage NRW method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Divani Barbosa Gavinier,
  • Jorge Tadao Matsushima,
  • Carlos Eduardo Santos Leal,
  • Braulio Haruo Kondo Lopes,
  • Maurício Ribeiro Baldan

摘要

Polymeric materials are extensively used in electromagnetic systems because of their low density, mechanical robustness, and cost-effectiveness. In radar systems operating near 24 GHz, such as automotive sensors and satellite communication antennas, these materials commonly serve as radome structures, where high transmission and low reflection are essential. This work investigated the electromagnetic behavior of eight commercial polymers in the K-band via a vector network analyzer coupled to a WR-42 waveguide. The scattering parameters were measured and converted into transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance coefficients. A dual-stage Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) approach is proposed. In the first stage, the complex permittivity and permeability of each polymer are extracted. Second, the optimal radome thickness is analytically determined to minimize reflection and to reevaluate the transmission performance. After applying the proposed method, all polymers exhibit transmission above 94% and reflection below 3%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the combined NRW–radome approach as a reliable and broadly applicable approach for optimizing dielectric radome structures.