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<p>In this work, we report the successful synthesis of highly dense (1 − <i>x</i>)Ba<sub>0.9</sub>Sr<sub>0.1</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> − <i>x</i>Na<sub>2/3</sub>La<sub>1/9</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub>(BST-<i>x</i>NLN) energy storage ceramics. Microstructural analysis confirms the dissolution of the Na<sub>2/3</sub>La<sub>1/9</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> component into the Ba<sub>0.9</sub>Sr<sub>0.1</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> lattice, and all the ceramics exhibit a single-phase perovskite structure. Upon NLN doping, the crystal structure transforms from a tetragonal to a pseudocubic phase. Electrical properties reveal that the ceramic sample with <i>x</i> = 0.15 exhibits pronounced relaxor behavior, as indicated by a modified Curie–Weiss constant (<i>γ</i>) of 1.96. This composition achieves a superior recoverable energy density (<i>W</i><sub>rec</sub> = 2.01&#xa0;J/cm<sup>3</sup>) under 28.68&#xa0;kV/mm, while also maintaining excellent energy efficiency at <i>η</i> = 90.2%. Notably, the energy efficiency shows minimal variation (≤ 4.84%) over a range of frequencies, consistently around 90%, demonstrating outstanding frequency stability. Additionally, the ceramic displays an ultra-fast discharge rate, with a discharge time (<i>t</i><sub>0.9</sub>) of only 0.91&#xa0;μs. These outstanding properties indicate that BST-<i>x</i>NLN ceramics hold promise for broad applications in the energy and battery fields.</p>

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Enhanced relaxor behavior and energy storage performance in Na2/3La1/9NbO3-modified Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3-based ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Xiangyu Zhu,
  • Qiyi Yin,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Kunhong Hu,
  • Hao Zu,
  • Kai Chen,
  • You Peng,
  • Li Qiao

摘要

In this work, we report the successful synthesis of highly dense (1 − x)Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 − xNa2/3La1/9NbO3(BST-xNLN) energy storage ceramics. Microstructural analysis confirms the dissolution of the Na2/3La1/9NbO3 component into the Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 lattice, and all the ceramics exhibit a single-phase perovskite structure. Upon NLN doping, the crystal structure transforms from a tetragonal to a pseudocubic phase. Electrical properties reveal that the ceramic sample with x = 0.15 exhibits pronounced relaxor behavior, as indicated by a modified Curie–Weiss constant (γ) of 1.96. This composition achieves a superior recoverable energy density (Wrec = 2.01 J/cm3) under 28.68 kV/mm, while also maintaining excellent energy efficiency at η = 90.2%. Notably, the energy efficiency shows minimal variation (≤ 4.84%) over a range of frequencies, consistently around 90%, demonstrating outstanding frequency stability. Additionally, the ceramic displays an ultra-fast discharge rate, with a discharge time (t0.9) of only 0.91 μs. These outstanding properties indicate that BST-xNLN ceramics hold promise for broad applications in the energy and battery fields.