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<p>The consistency of electrical performance is a crucial indicator for evaluating NTC thermistors. This study has systematically investigated the mechanism behind variations in this consistency using spinel-structured (Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>0.15</sub>Co<sub>0.45</sub>)<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>Ni<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) thermistors with different Ni contents. The results reveal that increasing Ni content promotes the gradual formation of a Co/Ni-enriched rock salt phase. Moreover, during the sintering process, the higher oxygen partial pressure near the ceramic surface compared to the core facilitates greater formation of the rock salt phase in the surface. Since the rock salt phase is a poor conductor, its heterogeneous distribution between the surface and core deteriorates the electrical consistency. Notably, the coefficients of variation (<i>CV</i>) for room-temperature resistivity (<i>ρ</i><sub><i>25</i></sub>) and material constant (<i>B</i><sub><i>25/50</i></sub>) reach maximum values of 9.406% and 0.448% respectively at <i>x</i> = 0.4, but decrease to 1.873% and 0.195% at <i>x</i> = 0.1. This study provides theoretical support for understanding the electrical consistency in high-Ni-content thermistors and offers practical guidance for optimizing ceramic compositions to improve performance uniformity.</p>

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Study on the electrical properties and consistency of (Mn0.4Fe0.15Co0.45)3-xNixO4 thermistors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月8日

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  • Ran Wang,
  • Chong Wang,
  • Shuangjiang He,
  • Xiao Zhang,
  • Sen Liang

摘要

The consistency of electrical performance is a crucial indicator for evaluating NTC thermistors. This study has systematically investigated the mechanism behind variations in this consistency using spinel-structured (Mn0.4Fe0.15Co0.45)3-xNixO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) thermistors with different Ni contents. The results reveal that increasing Ni content promotes the gradual formation of a Co/Ni-enriched rock salt phase. Moreover, during the sintering process, the higher oxygen partial pressure near the ceramic surface compared to the core facilitates greater formation of the rock salt phase in the surface. Since the rock salt phase is a poor conductor, its heterogeneous distribution between the surface and core deteriorates the electrical consistency. Notably, the coefficients of variation (CV) for room-temperature resistivity (ρ25) and material constant (B25/50) reach maximum values of 9.406% and 0.448% respectively at x = 0.4, but decrease to 1.873% and 0.195% at x = 0.1. This study provides theoretical support for understanding the electrical consistency in high-Ni-content thermistors and offers practical guidance for optimizing ceramic compositions to improve performance uniformity.