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<p>An organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, hippuric acid-doped piperazine (HP), has been synthesized and grown from methanol solution at room temperature by slow evaporation technique. The new crystalline compound was characterized by SCXRD and the results of the structural diffraction suggested that HP crystallizes in an orthorhombic system, space group P2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub> with <i>a</i> = 8.853&#xa0;Å, <i>b</i> = 10.530&#xa0;Å, <i>c</i> = 9.044&#xa0;Å, and <i>V</i> = 843.1Å<sup>3</sup>, and the crystalline nature is verified by PXRD. The presence of different functional groups was reported by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The optical properties of the crystal were studied using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, and it was found that it has high transmittance in the whole visible region as well as near-infrared regions, with a sharp lower cut-off wavelength at about 320&#xa0;nm. The thermal behavior of the crystal is analyzed by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) upto 900ºC and dielectric properties were also explored. The laser-induced surface damage threshold was 3.28 GW/cm<sup>2</sup> for the 1064&#xa0;nm Nd:YAG laser. Second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement was done using a Nd:YAG laser source and it was found that the SHG efficiency of HP is 1.2 times greater than that of KDP. Structural, optical, thermal, and nonlinear optical analyses demonstrate that HP single crystals exhibit potential behavior for applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices.</p>

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The effect of piperazine on hippuric acid single crystal growth and characterization for nonlinear optical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • G. P. Sangeetha,
  • G. V. Vijayaraghavan,
  • J. Priscilla

摘要

An organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, hippuric acid-doped piperazine (HP), has been synthesized and grown from methanol solution at room temperature by slow evaporation technique. The new crystalline compound was characterized by SCXRD and the results of the structural diffraction suggested that HP crystallizes in an orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 8.853 Å, b = 10.530 Å, c = 9.044 Å, and V = 843.1Å3, and the crystalline nature is verified by PXRD. The presence of different functional groups was reported by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The optical properties of the crystal were studied using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, and it was found that it has high transmittance in the whole visible region as well as near-infrared regions, with a sharp lower cut-off wavelength at about 320 nm. The thermal behavior of the crystal is analyzed by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) upto 900ºC and dielectric properties were also explored. The laser-induced surface damage threshold was 3.28 GW/cm2 for the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement was done using a Nd:YAG laser source and it was found that the SHG efficiency of HP is 1.2 times greater than that of KDP. Structural, optical, thermal, and nonlinear optical analyses demonstrate that HP single crystals exhibit potential behavior for applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices.