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<p>Erbium-encapsulated carbon nanotubes (Er-CNTs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method to investigate their suitability for supercapacitor electrodes and electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting. Two erbium loadings were employed to evaluate the influence of encapsulation on structural and electrochemical behavior. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline nature of the Er-CNTs, while FTIR analysis indicated successful surface modification with erbium-related functional groups. FESEM and HR-TEM studies revealed uniform nanotube morphology, intact lattice structures, and distinct SAED patterns corresponding to crystalline phases. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that Er-CNT 2 delivered improved catalytic efficiency, achieving overpotentials of 270&#xa0;mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 350&#xa0;mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 10&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>2</sup>. In supercapacitor studies, Er-CNT 2 exhibited a specific capacitance of 495.3 F g⁻<sup>1</sup> at 1 A g⁻<sup>1</sup> and maintained 99.9% capacitance retention over 1000 charge–discharge cycles, indicating excellent stability. The enhanced electrochemical activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of erbium encapsulation and preserved CNT morphology. These results highlight Er-CNTs as promising multifunctional materials for high-performance energy storage and efficient alkaline water-splitting applications.</p>

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Erbium-encapsulated CNTs for high-performance supercapacitors and bifunctional electrocatalysis in water splitting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Bonisha Britto,
  • Rajakumari Rajaram

摘要

Erbium-encapsulated carbon nanotubes (Er-CNTs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method to investigate their suitability for supercapacitor electrodes and electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting. Two erbium loadings were employed to evaluate the influence of encapsulation on structural and electrochemical behavior. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline nature of the Er-CNTs, while FTIR analysis indicated successful surface modification with erbium-related functional groups. FESEM and HR-TEM studies revealed uniform nanotube morphology, intact lattice structures, and distinct SAED patterns corresponding to crystalline phases. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that Er-CNT 2 delivered improved catalytic efficiency, achieving overpotentials of 270 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 350 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 10 mA cm⁻2. In supercapacitor studies, Er-CNT 2 exhibited a specific capacitance of 495.3 F g⁻1 at 1 A g⁻1 and maintained 99.9% capacitance retention over 1000 charge–discharge cycles, indicating excellent stability. The enhanced electrochemical activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of erbium encapsulation and preserved CNT morphology. These results highlight Er-CNTs as promising multifunctional materials for high-performance energy storage and efficient alkaline water-splitting applications.