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<p>Based on the Na<sub>0.48</sub>La<sub>0.52</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> ceramic, this study replaced La<sup>3+</sup> ions with Nd<sup>3+</sup> ions through ion substitution, which significantly increased the <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> of Na<sub>0.48</sub>La<sub>0.52</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> and reduced the sintering temperature. The good sintering state of this series of ceramics was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy results revealed the formation of solid solutions without the presence of secondary phases or impurities. The P–V–L theory indicated that the Na/La/Nd–O bond-to-bond ionicity (fi) contribution was dominant, while the Mo–O bond also played a significant role in the lattice energy (<i>U</i>), bond energy (<i>E</i>), and thermal expansion coefficient (<i>α</i>). Among them, the Na<sub>0.48</sub>La<sub>0.48</sub>Nd<sub>0.04</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> ceramic achieved the best dielectric performance at 900&#xa0;°C, with <i>ɛ</i><sub>r</sub> = 11.027 ± 0.018, <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> = 113,805 ± 6,358&#xa0;GHz, and <i>τ</i><sub>f</sub> = −&#xa0;23.36&#xa0;ppm/℃. Through ion substitution, these materials all have low sintering temperatures and high <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> values, making them ideal candidates for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).</p>

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Low sintering temperature Na0.48La0.48Nd0.04MoO4 ceramics: high Q × f value characteristics and structure–performance correlation based on P–V–L theory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Xiuyuan Su,
  • Yuan-Bin Chen,
  • Ruxuan Tang

摘要

Based on the Na0.48La0.52MoO4 ceramic, this study replaced La3+ ions with Nd3+ ions through ion substitution, which significantly increased the Q × f of Na0.48La0.52MoO4 and reduced the sintering temperature. The good sintering state of this series of ceramics was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy results revealed the formation of solid solutions without the presence of secondary phases or impurities. The P–V–L theory indicated that the Na/La/Nd–O bond-to-bond ionicity (fi) contribution was dominant, while the Mo–O bond also played a significant role in the lattice energy (U), bond energy (E), and thermal expansion coefficient (α). Among them, the Na0.48La0.48Nd0.04MoO4 ceramic achieved the best dielectric performance at 900 °C, with ɛr = 11.027 ± 0.018, Q × f = 113,805 ± 6,358 GHz, and τf = − 23.36 ppm/℃. Through ion substitution, these materials all have low sintering temperatures and high Q × f values, making them ideal candidates for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).