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<p>Metal oxide-based electrochemical sensors have gained significant attention in recent advancements due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, portability, and exceptional performance. Their sensitivity, repeatability, stability, and reproducibility make the sensor highly effective for the accurate detection of specific analytes in food safety applications. In this study, a mentha leaf extract-manganese-doped bismuth oxide (M-Mn-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)-modified graphite electrode (GE)-based electrochemical sensor was developed as a sensitive sunset yellow (SY) sensor for food colorant detection. The hydrothermal method was employed to prepare M-Mn-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles. The chemical bonding, crystal structure, elemental content, and morphology of M-Mn-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. A sensing study using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) revealed a linear relation between anodic peak current and SY concentrations from 1 to 5&#xa0;µM. The maximum current response was achieved within the optimal potential range of − 500&#xa0;mV to 600&#xa0;mV at pH 10. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a strong linear relationship between SY concentration and current, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.72&#xa0;µM and a quantification limit (LOQ) of 2.41&#xa0;µM. The correlation coefficient <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> is 0.98, and the sensing probe sensitivity is 0.245 μA/μM/cm<sup>2</sup>. The selectivity and real sample analysis were experimented. The real sample analysis for artificial colorants, soft drinks, and candies achieved the recovery percentage between 97.5 and 104%. As a result, the experimental investigation of the M-Mn-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles sensor revealed that it is a promising material for detecting sunset yellow in food safety.</p>

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Mentha leaf extract-assisted Mn-doped bismuth oxide-modified electrode for electrochemical monitoring of sunset yellow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Mythili Kumaresan Kavitha,
  • Radha Sankararajan,
  • Sreeja Balakrishnapillai Suseela,
  • Muthumeenakshi Kailasam,
  • Vijayalakshmi Kailasam

摘要

Metal oxide-based electrochemical sensors have gained significant attention in recent advancements due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, portability, and exceptional performance. Their sensitivity, repeatability, stability, and reproducibility make the sensor highly effective for the accurate detection of specific analytes in food safety applications. In this study, a mentha leaf extract-manganese-doped bismuth oxide (M-Mn-doped Bi2O3)-modified graphite electrode (GE)-based electrochemical sensor was developed as a sensitive sunset yellow (SY) sensor for food colorant detection. The hydrothermal method was employed to prepare M-Mn-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles. The chemical bonding, crystal structure, elemental content, and morphology of M-Mn-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles were validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. A sensing study using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) revealed a linear relation between anodic peak current and SY concentrations from 1 to 5 µM. The maximum current response was achieved within the optimal potential range of − 500 mV to 600 mV at pH 10. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a strong linear relationship between SY concentration and current, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.72 µM and a quantification limit (LOQ) of 2.41 µM. The correlation coefficient R2 is 0.98, and the sensing probe sensitivity is 0.245 μA/μM/cm2. The selectivity and real sample analysis were experimented. The real sample analysis for artificial colorants, soft drinks, and candies achieved the recovery percentage between 97.5 and 104%. As a result, the experimental investigation of the M-Mn-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles sensor revealed that it is a promising material for detecting sunset yellow in food safety.