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<p>Two new π-conjugated systems, an aza[4]helicene derivative (<b>HL1</b>) and a thiophene-based olefin (<b>HL2</b>), were synthesized in high yields (60–80%) under mild and cost-effective conditions. Their structures were confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT–IR, and HRMS analyses. Both compounds display strong UV–Vis absorption (λ<sub>max</sub> = 378–405&#xa0;nm) and intense blue-to-green fluorescence with large Stokes shifts (3779–4448&#xa0;cm<sup>–1</sup>), reflecting extended π-conjugation. The materials were subsequently applied to screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) to develop electrochemical sensors for dopamine (DA) and D–tyrosine (Tyr). The modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Both <b>HL1</b>- and <b>HL2</b>-based SPCEs enabled simultaneous detection of DA and Tyr in the presence of uric acid (UA) as an interferent. Notably, <b>HL2</b>/SPCE exhibited superior analytical performance, offering a wide linear response range (0–500&#xa0;µM), low detection limits (0.7022&#xa0;µM for DA and 0.6274&#xa0;µM for Tyr), and high sensitivities of 0.645 µA µM<sup>–1</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>–2</sup> and 0.256 µA µM<sup>–1</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>–2</sup>, respectively. These findings highlight its potential for preliminary biosensing applications and provide a promising platform for further optimization toward real biological sample analysis.</p>

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Novel heteroaromatic species for sensitive electrochemical detection of dopamine and tyrosine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Khaoula Hamrouni,
  • Angelo Ferlazo,
  • Manel Essid,
  • Imen Zghab,
  • Abdulrahman S. Alharbi,
  • Giovanni Neri,
  • Faouzi Aloui

摘要

Two new π-conjugated systems, an aza[4]helicene derivative (HL1) and a thiophene-based olefin (HL2), were synthesized in high yields (60–80%) under mild and cost-effective conditions. Their structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, FT–IR, and HRMS analyses. Both compounds display strong UV–Vis absorption (λmax = 378–405 nm) and intense blue-to-green fluorescence with large Stokes shifts (3779–4448 cm–1), reflecting extended π-conjugation. The materials were subsequently applied to screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) to develop electrochemical sensors for dopamine (DA) and D–tyrosine (Tyr). The modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Both HL1- and HL2-based SPCEs enabled simultaneous detection of DA and Tyr in the presence of uric acid (UA) as an interferent. Notably, HL2/SPCE exhibited superior analytical performance, offering a wide linear response range (0–500 µM), low detection limits (0.7022 µM for DA and 0.6274 µM for Tyr), and high sensitivities of 0.645 µA µM–1 cm–2 and 0.256 µA µM–1 cm–2, respectively. These findings highlight its potential for preliminary biosensing applications and provide a promising platform for further optimization toward real biological sample analysis.