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<p>This work explores the influence of Fe interlayer thickness on the morphology, optical, and dielectric behavior of ZnO-based multilayer film prepared by a combined ALD-DC technique. Morphology was analyzed using focused ion beam (FIB) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), while optical properties were evaluated through transmittance and reflectance measurements. The prepared lamellae confirmed well-defined thickness of each individual layer, and (EDX) confirmed the absence of other elements present in the thin-film samples under study. According to the results presented in the obtained figures, the increase of the Fe thickness in ZnO/Fe/ZnO system leads to a decrease in transmittance and an increase in reflectance, refractive index (<i>n</i>), extinction coefficient (<i>k</i>), and reflectivity (<i>R</i><sub><i>ref</i></sub>). Both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant <i>(ε</i><sub><i>1</i></sub><i> &amp; ε</i><sub><i>2</i></sub><i>)</i>, as well as the dielectric loss <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">(tanδ)</Emphasis> increases with Fe content, while the optical quality factor <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">(Q)</Emphasis> decreases. Moreover, the carrier concentration to effective mass ratio <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">(N/m</Emphasis><sup><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">*</Emphasis></sup><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">)</Emphasis> and both optical and electrical conductivity <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">(σ</Emphasis><sub><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">opt</Emphasis></sub><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic"> &amp; σ</Emphasis><sub><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">elec</Emphasis></sub><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">)</Emphasis> increases, whereas the electrical modulus <b>(M</b><sup><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">*</Emphasis></sup><b>)</b> decreases with increasing Fe thickness<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">.</Emphasis> The Wemple-DiDomenico single-oscillator <b>(WDD)</b> model was employed to determine the dispersion parameters, from which the nonlinear refractive index <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">(n</Emphasis><sub><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">2</Emphasis></sub><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">)</Emphasis> and third-order nonlinear susceptibility <b>(Χ</b><sup><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">(3)</Emphasis></sup><b>)</b> was estimated. These results highlight the significant role of Fe in tailoring the optical and dielectric properties of ZnO-based ͌͂ opto-electronics applications.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of iron interlayers as modulators of optical and dielectric performance in ZnO thin films

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • S. S. Fouad,
  • A. E. Bekheet,
  • E. Barádacs,
  • M. Nabil,
  • G. Vecsei,
  • G. katona,
  • Z. Erdélyi

摘要

This work explores the influence of Fe interlayer thickness on the morphology, optical, and dielectric behavior of ZnO-based multilayer film prepared by a combined ALD-DC technique. Morphology was analyzed using focused ion beam (FIB) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), while optical properties were evaluated through transmittance and reflectance measurements. The prepared lamellae confirmed well-defined thickness of each individual layer, and (EDX) confirmed the absence of other elements present in the thin-film samples under study. According to the results presented in the obtained figures, the increase of the Fe thickness in ZnO/Fe/ZnO system leads to a decrease in transmittance and an increase in reflectance, refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and reflectivity (Rref). Both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant (ε1 & ε2), as well as the dielectric loss (tanδ) increases with Fe content, while the optical quality factor (Q) decreases. Moreover, the carrier concentration to effective mass ratio (N/m*) and both optical and electrical conductivity (σopt & σelec) increases, whereas the electrical modulus (M*) decreases with increasing Fe thickness. The Wemple-DiDomenico single-oscillator (WDD) model was employed to determine the dispersion parameters, from which the nonlinear refractive index (n2) and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (Χ(3)) was estimated. These results highlight the significant role of Fe in tailoring the optical and dielectric properties of ZnO-based ͌͂ opto-electronics applications.