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<p>The pristine polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has certain limitations, specifically its electrical insulation properties and the absence of nonlinear optical activity, which limit its potential use in advanced optoelectronic and photonic devices. This study investigates the structural, linear/nonlinear optical, and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films doped with ultra-low loadings (0.01—0.1 wt%) of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). XRD and FTIR analyses confirm successful rGO incorporation and strong hydrogen bonding between rGO’s oxygen-containing functional groups and PVA’s hydroxyl groups. SEM reveals homogeneous rGO dispersion at low concentrations, with the onset of agglomeration near 0.1 wt%, consistent with percolation behavior. UV–Vis spectroscopy shows a redshift in absorption and tunable visible transparency with increasing rGO content. TAUC plot analysis indicates significant bandgap narrowing, with the direct gap decreasing from 5.81 to 4.96&#xa0;eV and the indirect gap decreasing from 4.76 to 3.07&#xa0;eV, attributed to interfacial hybridization and defect-induced states. Urbach energy rises sharply (0.94 → 5.64&#xa0;eV), reflecting increased structural disorder. Remarkably, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ<sup>3</sup>) increases by ten orders of magnitude (up to ~ 10<sup>–6</sup> esu), while the dielectric constant surges from 1.25 to 12.39 at 0.1 wt% rGO, driven by Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization. AC conductivity confirms the emergence of a percolation network at this threshold. These results demonstrate that trace rGO doping enables simultaneous, tunable enhancement of optical nonlinearity, dielectric response, and electrical conductivity, positioning rGO-PVA as a promising multifunctional platform for flexible optoelectronics, optical limiters, and energy storage devices.</p>

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Design and characterization of rGO-doped PVA nanocomposites: exploring linear, nonlinear optical and electrical behaviors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Yasmin Khairy

摘要

The pristine polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has certain limitations, specifically its electrical insulation properties and the absence of nonlinear optical activity, which limit its potential use in advanced optoelectronic and photonic devices. This study investigates the structural, linear/nonlinear optical, and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films doped with ultra-low loadings (0.01—0.1 wt%) of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). XRD and FTIR analyses confirm successful rGO incorporation and strong hydrogen bonding between rGO’s oxygen-containing functional groups and PVA’s hydroxyl groups. SEM reveals homogeneous rGO dispersion at low concentrations, with the onset of agglomeration near 0.1 wt%, consistent with percolation behavior. UV–Vis spectroscopy shows a redshift in absorption and tunable visible transparency with increasing rGO content. TAUC plot analysis indicates significant bandgap narrowing, with the direct gap decreasing from 5.81 to 4.96 eV and the indirect gap decreasing from 4.76 to 3.07 eV, attributed to interfacial hybridization and defect-induced states. Urbach energy rises sharply (0.94 → 5.64 eV), reflecting increased structural disorder. Remarkably, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3) increases by ten orders of magnitude (up to ~ 10–6 esu), while the dielectric constant surges from 1.25 to 12.39 at 0.1 wt% rGO, driven by Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization. AC conductivity confirms the emergence of a percolation network at this threshold. These results demonstrate that trace rGO doping enables simultaneous, tunable enhancement of optical nonlinearity, dielectric response, and electrical conductivity, positioning rGO-PVA as a promising multifunctional platform for flexible optoelectronics, optical limiters, and energy storage devices.