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<p>Zinc Oxide, (ZnO), thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for degradation of methylene blue (MB) by photocatalysis processing. Film deposition was performed by adjusting two key synthesis parameters: the substrate temperature and the concentration of acetic acid in the precursor solution, which define crystallinity and avoid milky finish, due to early hydroxide formation and incorporation into the lattice, respectively. Substrate temperatures explored were 375, 425, and 475&#xa0;°C, and acetic acid concentration in precursor solution was addressed by two extreme concentrations, namely 0&#xa0;mL and 200&#xa0;mL per 1000&#xa0;mL of total solution. This dual-parameter approach enabled control over the morphological, structural, and optical features of the films. The resulting samples were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The films exhibited distinct morphologies ranging from granular textures to flake-like and columnar hexagonal structures, associated with dominant preferential orientations along the (002) and (101) planes. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by monitoring the decoloration of MB under UV irradiation. The best-performing sample (deposited with no acetic acid and at 475&#xa0;°C) achieved over 95% degradation efficiency within 3&#xa0;h.</p>

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Morphological and structural control of ZnO thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: effect of acetic acid and substrate temperature on photocatalytic methylene blue degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • J. Rocha,
  • K. Rueda,
  • V. K. K. Tangirala,
  • A. G. Hernández Zanabria,
  • Arturo Maldonado Álvarez,
  • Heberto Gómez Pozos

摘要

Zinc Oxide, (ZnO), thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for degradation of methylene blue (MB) by photocatalysis processing. Film deposition was performed by adjusting two key synthesis parameters: the substrate temperature and the concentration of acetic acid in the precursor solution, which define crystallinity and avoid milky finish, due to early hydroxide formation and incorporation into the lattice, respectively. Substrate temperatures explored were 375, 425, and 475 °C, and acetic acid concentration in precursor solution was addressed by two extreme concentrations, namely 0 mL and 200 mL per 1000 mL of total solution. This dual-parameter approach enabled control over the morphological, structural, and optical features of the films. The resulting samples were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The films exhibited distinct morphologies ranging from granular textures to flake-like and columnar hexagonal structures, associated with dominant preferential orientations along the (002) and (101) planes. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by monitoring the decoloration of MB under UV irradiation. The best-performing sample (deposited with no acetic acid and at 475 °C) achieved over 95% degradation efficiency within 3 h.