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<p>The ceramic composition of Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (BT-Zn for <i>x</i> = 0,0.03,0.05,0.07&#xa0;mol.) was synthesized by the hydroxy co-precipitation method, and investigated their structural, morphological, and electrical properties. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that all BT-Zn compositions show the tetragonal crystal structure (space group P4mm). All Zn<sup>2+</sup> substituted BT compositions show an increased average grain size than the pristine BT ceramics, and the presence of all expected elements was confirmed by the energy dispersive spectra. Furthermore, the T<sub>T-C</sub> phase transition temperature and diffuseness coefficient (γ) were increased from <i>122</i> to <i>156 ℃</i> and from <i>1.37</i> to <i>1.75</i> with an increasing Zn<sup>2+</sup> amount (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07), respectively. From the experimental results, it is found that ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were enhanced due to the substitution of Zn<sup>2+</sup> into BT. From the P-E hysteresis plot, it is noticed that BT-Zn ceramics with Zn = 0.07 show the enhanced ferroelectric properties as compared to other BT-Zn ceramic compositions under investigation, with remanent polarization P<sub>r</sub> ~ <i>4.81 μC/cm</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> and maximum polarization P<sub>max</sub> ~ <i>10.99 μC/cm</i><sup><i>2</i></sup><i>,</i> and d<sub>33</sub> of <i>211 pC/N</i>. Hence, the obtained results reveal that the BT-Zn7 ceramics are suitable materials for the fabrication of microelectronic and piezoelectric devices.</p>

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Investigation of structural, morphological, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of Zn2+ substituted BaTiO3 ceramics synthesized by hydroxy co-precipitation method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Suhas B. Makhare,
  • Abhijeet V. Dhotre,
  • Chandrakant T. Birajdar,
  • Uday B. Dindore,
  • Arjun N. Tarale

摘要

The ceramic composition of Ba1-xZnxTiO3 (BT-Zn for x = 0,0.03,0.05,0.07 mol.) was synthesized by the hydroxy co-precipitation method, and investigated their structural, morphological, and electrical properties. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that all BT-Zn compositions show the tetragonal crystal structure (space group P4mm). All Zn2+ substituted BT compositions show an increased average grain size than the pristine BT ceramics, and the presence of all expected elements was confirmed by the energy dispersive spectra. Furthermore, the TT-C phase transition temperature and diffuseness coefficient (γ) were increased from 122 to 156 ℃ and from 1.37 to 1.75 with an increasing Zn2+ amount (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07), respectively. From the experimental results, it is found that ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were enhanced due to the substitution of Zn2+ into BT. From the P-E hysteresis plot, it is noticed that BT-Zn ceramics with Zn = 0.07 show the enhanced ferroelectric properties as compared to other BT-Zn ceramic compositions under investigation, with remanent polarization Pr ~ 4.81 μC/cm2 and maximum polarization Pmax ~ 10.99 μC/cm2, and d33 of 211 pC/N. Hence, the obtained results reveal that the BT-Zn7 ceramics are suitable materials for the fabrication of microelectronic and piezoelectric devices.