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<p>MXene, due to its unique chemical structure, exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical strength high surface area, and hydrophilicity, showing outstanding performance in the field of humidity sensing. However, the self-stacking nature of MXene limits its practical use as a sensor material. To address this issue, this paper embedded halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) between layers of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>, and coated them on acoustic sensors for humidity detection. The morphology and functional groups of the HNTs/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> composite were extensively characterized by TEM and FTIR, respectively. The results revealed that the HNTs/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> composite-based QCM humidity sensor outperformed the single Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-coated sensor, demonstrating high sensitivity across an RH range of 11–97% with a response of 45.4&#xa0;Hz/%RH. Furthermore, the sensor showed minimal humidity hysteresis (2.4% RH), rapid response/recovery times (2/3&#xa0;s), as well as outstanding repeatability and long-term stability. The humidity-sensing mechanism of the HNTs/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> composite material was analyzed in detail using a biexponential adsorption kinetic model. This paper offers a new reference not only for solving the self-stacking problem of MXene materials, but also for optimizing the performance of MXene-based acoustic humidity sensors with new insights and design directions.</p>

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Halloysite nanotubes/Ti3C2Tx MXene composites-based acoustic sensor for high-performance humidity detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月28日

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  • Zhanghao Du,
  • Qiao Chen,
  • Jiahao Xia,
  • Jin Ao,
  • Wei Pan,
  • Cong Zhao

摘要

MXene, due to its unique chemical structure, exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical strength high surface area, and hydrophilicity, showing outstanding performance in the field of humidity sensing. However, the self-stacking nature of MXene limits its practical use as a sensor material. To address this issue, this paper embedded halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) between layers of Ti3C2Tx, and coated them on acoustic sensors for humidity detection. The morphology and functional groups of the HNTs/Ti3C2Tx composite were extensively characterized by TEM and FTIR, respectively. The results revealed that the HNTs/Ti3C2Tx composite-based QCM humidity sensor outperformed the single Ti3C2Tx-coated sensor, demonstrating high sensitivity across an RH range of 11–97% with a response of 45.4 Hz/%RH. Furthermore, the sensor showed minimal humidity hysteresis (2.4% RH), rapid response/recovery times (2/3 s), as well as outstanding repeatability and long-term stability. The humidity-sensing mechanism of the HNTs/Ti3C2Tx composite material was analyzed in detail using a biexponential adsorption kinetic model. This paper offers a new reference not only for solving the self-stacking problem of MXene materials, but also for optimizing the performance of MXene-based acoustic humidity sensors with new insights and design directions.